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Bio1000 > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

0
Q

Heat

A

-The random motion of molecules

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1
Q

Kinetic

A
  • Energy of motion

- Mechanical

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2
Q

Potential

A

-stored energy

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3
Q

First Law

A
  • Energy cannot be created or destroyed

* But it can be changed form one form to another

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4
Q

Second Law

A

-Energy cannot be changed from one form to another without a loss of usable energy

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5
Q

Entropy

A

-A measure of disorder or randomness

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6
Q

Cehmiosmosis

A

-Production of ATP due to a hydrogen ion gradient across a membrane

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7
Q

_______ ________-is the amount of energy available to perform work

A

Free energy

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8
Q

Exergonic Reactions

A

-Reactants have more free energy than products

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9
Q

Exergonic reactions

A

release energy

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10
Q

endergonic reactions

A

-require energy

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11
Q

In ________ __________ the energy released by an exergonic reactions drives an endergonic reaction

A

coupled reactions

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12
Q

Chemical work

A

-energy needed to synthesize macromolecules

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13
Q

Transport work

A

-energy needed to pump substances across plasma membrane

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14
Q

Enzymes are protein molecules that function as organic _________ to speed a chemical reaction

A

catalysts

  • catalysts participate in the reaction
  • is not changed by the reaction
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15
Q

The energy that must be added to cause molecules to react with one another is called the _______ ____ ___________

A

energy of activation

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16
Q

_______-the reactant that an enzyme changes

A

substrate

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17
Q

The _________ _____ fits to the substrate, and the enzyme changes shape slightly

A

active site

18
Q

Enzymes are very specific to what substrates they bind to and what reaction they catalyze because of the __________ ____ ____ _____________

A

shape of the active site

19
Q

Generally, enzyme activity increases as _________ _____________ increases

A

substrate concentration

20
Q

As ___________ rises, enzyme activity increases

A

temperature

21
Q

If temperature rises beyond a certain point, the enzyme becomes ___________ and the enzyme activity levels out

A

denatured

22
Q

Enzymes also have an optimal ___

A

pH

23
Q

Cells regulate which enzymes are __________ and/or ________

A

present;active

24
Q

___________- inorganic ions and molecules

A

cofactors

*often metal ions like copper, zinc, iron

25
Q

_________ __________-a non-protein molecule needed for an enzyme to be active:have the correct shape and properties of the active site

A

Enzyme cofactors

26
Q

_____________-organic but not protein

A

coenzyme

27
Q

__________-small organic molecules needed to make coenzymes

A

vitamins

*required only in trace amount

28
Q

_______________- some enzymes are not activated until they have phosphate groups added to them in the proper place

A

Phosphorylation

29
Q

Enzyme ___________- an active enzyme is prevented from combining with its substrate

A

inhibition

30
Q

Feedback inhibition

A

-almost all enzymes are regulated in this way

31
Q

Competitive Feedback inhibition

A

-the product of the enzyme binds to the active site of that enzyme

32
Q

Regulation of entire metabolic pathways is most often accomplished by

A

Allosteric Feedback Inhibition

33
Q

The inhibitor molecule binds to the enzyme at the ______ ______-a site that is not the active site

A

allosteric site

34
Q

___________ is an inhibitor of cellular respiration

A

Cyanide

35
Q

In ________ reactions, electrons pass from one molecule to another

A

redox

36
Q

___________- the loss of electrons

A

oxidation

37
Q

_____________- the gain of electrons

A

reduction

38
Q

two major energy reaction pathways of life

A
  • photosynthesis

- cellular respiration

39
Q

Photosynthesis

A

carbon dioxide+ water + solar energy yields glucose and oxygen

40
Q

Chloroplasts capture solar energy and convert it via ______ ___________ ______ to ATP

A

electron transport chain

41
Q

Cellular Respiration

A

Glucose + oxygen yields carbon dioxide + water + energy

42
Q

______________: Production of a ATP due to a hydrogen ion gradient across a membrane

A

Chemiosmosis

Bio1000 (6 decks)

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