Chapter 6 Flashcards
(43 cards)
Heat
-The random motion of molecules
Kinetic
- Energy of motion
- Mechanical
Potential
-stored energy
First Law
- Energy cannot be created or destroyed
* But it can be changed form one form to another
Second Law
-Energy cannot be changed from one form to another without a loss of usable energy
Entropy
-A measure of disorder or randomness
Cehmiosmosis
-Production of ATP due to a hydrogen ion gradient across a membrane
_______ ________-is the amount of energy available to perform work
Free energy
Exergonic Reactions
-Reactants have more free energy than products
Exergonic reactions
release energy
endergonic reactions
-require energy
In ________ __________ the energy released by an exergonic reactions drives an endergonic reaction
coupled reactions
Chemical work
-energy needed to synthesize macromolecules
Transport work
-energy needed to pump substances across plasma membrane
Enzymes are protein molecules that function as organic _________ to speed a chemical reaction
catalysts
- catalysts participate in the reaction
- is not changed by the reaction
The energy that must be added to cause molecules to react with one another is called the _______ ____ ___________
energy of activation
_______-the reactant that an enzyme changes
substrate
The _________ _____ fits to the substrate, and the enzyme changes shape slightly
active site
Enzymes are very specific to what substrates they bind to and what reaction they catalyze because of the __________ ____ ____ _____________
shape of the active site
Generally, enzyme activity increases as _________ _____________ increases
substrate concentration
As ___________ rises, enzyme activity increases
temperature
If temperature rises beyond a certain point, the enzyme becomes ___________ and the enzyme activity levels out
denatured
Enzymes also have an optimal ___
pH
Cells regulate which enzymes are __________ and/or ________
present;active
