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Bio1000 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

0
Q

what is an atom?

A

the basic unit of matter with specific properties and interactions

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1
Q

What are the four major themes in biology?

A
  1. Emergent properties
  2. unity and diversity
  3. Evolution
  4. scientific processes
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2
Q

what is a molecule?

A

an integrated group of molecules that perform specific tasks for the cell in eukaryotes only.

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3
Q

what is a cell?

A

an integrated group of molecules and organelles, the basic unit of life, that performs tasks at the ultimate directions of Dna

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4
Q

what is a tissue?

A

an integrated group of cells that perform a specific task for the organ.

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5
Q

what is an organ system?

A

an integrated group of organs that perform a specific task for the organism.

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6
Q

what is an organism?

A

an integrated group of organ systems; an individual living thing.

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7
Q

What is a population?

A

an integrated group of individuals of one species, all interacting with one another

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8
Q

what is a species?

A

an integrated group of populations, integrated through their form, behavior and preferred living conditions, these all being the consequence of similar dna and reproductive isolation from other species.

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9
Q

what is a community?

A

an integrated group of all living organisms in an area, including many species and populations.

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10
Q

what is an ecosystem?

A

an integrated group of all living organisms in an area, plus the physical components that affect them.

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11
Q

biomes and aquatic life systems

A

an integrated group of terrestrial ecosystems all existing within a particular region and with a particular climate
aquatic life system: an integrated group of marine or freshwater ecosystems all existing within a particular area of aquatic environments

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12
Q

what are emergent properties?

A

each level of organization is more complex and has properties beyond the preceding level.

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13
Q

what are the two major types of cells?

A
  1. prokaryotic
  2. eukaryotic
  3. a cellular (not cellular) viruses dont have what it takes to be a cell.
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14
Q

bacteria

A

unicellular prokaryotes

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15
Q

archaea

A
  • unicellular prokaryotes

* Extreme aquatic environments

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16
Q

Eukarya

A
  • Eukaryotes

* Both unicellular and multicellular

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17
Q

the three domains of life

A
  1. Bacteria
  2. Archaea
  3. Eukarya
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18
Q

What is taxonomy?

A
  • the discipline of identifying and classifying organisms.
  • from least inclusive to most inclusive
  • species, genius, family, order, class, phylum, kingdom, and domain
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19
Q

mnemonic for taxonomic levels

A

dr king philip can order family gems sold

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20
Q

Prokaryotic cell

A
  • simple and contains no organelles

* membrane bound structures that perform specific cellular tasks

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21
Q

Eukaryotic cell

A
  • more complex and contains organelles

* the nucleus is the largest organelle in most eukaryotic cells

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22
Q

Binomial

A
  • two names
  • first word represents genus
  • second word is specific epithet of a species within the genus
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23
Q

herbivores

A

-eat plants

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24
Q

carnivore

A

-meats

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25
Q

decomposers

A

-fungi and bacteria

26
Q

what is homeostasis?

A

control of internal environment

27
Q

metabolism

A

-encompasses all the chemical reactions that occur in a cell

28
Q

the sun is the ultimate source of ________ for nearly all life on the planet.

A

Energy

29
Q

Human beings _________ on healthy ecosystems for food, medicines, other raw materials, as well as the benefits of various ecosystem processes.

A

Depend

30
Q

Biodiversity

A

is the total number of species, the variability of their genes, and the ecosystems in which they live.

31
Q

Extinction

A

is the death of a species or larger taxonomic group.

32
Q

what is dna?

A

instructions for conducting internal processes

-reproduction

33
Q

In most ____________ organisms, reproduction begins with the union of two gametes from different individuals.

A

multicellular

34
Q

what are genes?

A

the units of inheritance that transmit formation from parents to offspring

35
Q

language of DNA

A

contains just four letters

- A,G,C,T

36
Q

Unity

A
  • same basic elements
  • same biochemical reactions
  • common structures
  • common processes
37
Q

diversity

A
  • within species

- among species

38
Q

decent with modification

A

-new species arise as descendants from ancestral species, but with new characteristics

39
Q

natural selection

A
  • a mechanism that explains how new types of characters evolve
  • explains how organisms become adapted to their environment
40
Q

Darwin’s theory

A
  • as populations separated by a geographic barrier adapted to local environments, they became separate species
  • they evolved new derived characters (adaptions) which made them a new species
41
Q

Darwin synthesized the concept of natural selection for observations that were neither __________ or __________

A

profound, original

42
Q

The inescapable conclusion:

A
  • Fact: Overproduction and struggle for existence
  • Fact: Individual variation
  • unequal reproductive succes
43
Q

Three requirements for Evolution by Natural selection:

A
  1. There is a struggle for existence.
  2. There is heritable variation.
  3. The heritable variation influences the struggle.
    • Then evolution by natural selection will occur
44
Q

Heritable Variation

A
  • Individuals traits are determined by DNA

- The offspring contains a new set of alleles thats a combination of a set from the mother and a set from the father

45
Q

_________ in the offspring are passed down, or ___________ from the parents

A

Traits, inherited

46
Q

Differential Reproduction

A

-if any of the traits in the parental generation allowed individuals to survive better or to produce more offspring than others

47
Q

what is evolution

A

-change in a population’s genes thru successive generations

48
Q

what is natural selection?

A

-the mechanism of evolution

49
Q

adaptation

A

-any modification that makes an organism suited to its way of life.

50
Q

The unity of characteristics between dif. types of organisms suggests that all living things are descended from a _________ ____________

A

common ancestor

51
Q

what is artificial selection?

A

the selective breeding of domesticated plants and animals by humans

52
Q

what is evolution?

A

is one of biology’s best demonstrated, most comprehensive, and longest lasting theories
-underlying theme of biology

53
Q

observation

A

-any phenomenon can be more fully understood by observation.

54
Q

hypothesis

A

-use of inductive reasoning to form an explanation for the observed phenomenon.

55
Q

experiments

A
  • use of inductive reasoning to form an appropriate experimental design.
    • control group
    • model
56
Q

Data

A
  • observable, objective results of an experiment.

* The greater the variance in the data, the greater the probability of error.

57
Q

Conclusion

A

Data must be analyzed in order to reach a conclusion as to whether or not the hypothesis is supported.

58
Q

Findings must be reported in scientific __________ so methodology and data are open for ___________ and ____________.

A

journals, inspection, repitition

59
Q

Scientific Theory- joins together two or more related hypotheses.

A
  • Supported by a broad range of observations, experiments, and data.
  • Explains all known observations/facts/data
60
Q

Scientific Principle/Law- Theory or set of theories, generally accepted by an overwhelming number of scientists.

A

-Explains patterns observed or describes what happens in nature

61
Q

Experimental Variable

A

-Factor of the experiment being tested.

62
Q

Dependent Variable

A

-Result that occurs due to the experimental variable

63
Q

A good experiment ___________ for all other factors and variables, so that the experimental variable is the only difference between the control group and the experimental group.

A

Controls

Bio1000 (6 decks)

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