Chapter 6 Flashcards
(14 cards)
Classification
A system of organizing data
Taxonomy
The science of classifying organisms into different categories
Binomial nomenclature
A system of naming species that uses a double name such as Homo sapiens. First name genus, second species
Genus
A group of closely related species
Archetype
The divine plan or blueprint fora species or higher taxonomic category
Taxon
A group of organisms at any level of the taxanomic hierarchy. The major taxa are the species and genus and the higher taxa: family, order, class, phylum, and kingdom
Phylogeny
The evolutionary history of a population or taxon
Homologies
Similarities due to inheritance from a common ancestor
Homoplastic
Referring to similarities that are not homologous. Homoplasy can arise from parallelism, convergence, analogy, and chance
Convergence
Nonhomologous similarities in different evolutionary lines
Parallelism
Homoplastic similarities found in related species that did not exist in the common ancestor;
however, the common ancestor provided initial commonalities that gave direction to the evolution of similarities
Analogies
Structures that are superficially similar and serve similar functions but have no common evolutionary relationship
Cladistics
A theory of classification that differentiates between shared ancestral and shared derived features
Clade
A group of species with a common evolutionary ancestry
