Chapter 6 Flashcards
(34 cards)
Social Deviance
Any transgression of socially established norms such as informal deviance, formal deviance, and crime
Informal Deviance
- blame on someone else
* doesn’t break the law
Formal Deviance
- affects someone else
- violation of the law
- has consequences
Social Norms and Punishments
Social norms and punishments for violating them change over time and from place to place
ex) shooting in war vs. shootings in streets of Omaha
Social Cohesion
The way people form social bonds, relate to others, and get along on a day-today basis
Emile Durkheim
Theorized that social cohesion is established through either mechanical solidarity or organic solidarity
Mechanical Solidarity
based on the sameness of society’s parts or members
ex) farmers, students
Organic Solidarity
based on the interdependence of specialized parts or members
ex) industrialized society, intermingled parts working together
Punitive Justice
focused on making the violator suffer and thus defining the boundaries of acceptable behavior
ex) interrogations, water boarding
Rehabilitative Justice
examines specific circumstances of an individual transgressor and attempts to find ways to rehabilitate him
ex) parol, work training
Social Control
set of mechanisms that create normative compliance in individuals
Normative Compliance
act of abiding by society’s norms and following the rules of group life
Informal Social Sanctions
Unspoken rules and expectations and peoples behavior- help maintain level of cohesion and order
Formal Social Control
Laws, authority of police officers, etc.
How does the existence of deviants help keep society together??
Reinforce notions of what is correct and acceptable in a given group
Emile Durkheim’s Theory of Suicide
Proposed that suicide is a product o social forces, depending on a persons level of social integration and social regulation
Types of Suicide:
- Egotistical: not integrated into society, believes they’re better than everything
- Altruistic: dominated by group, feeling of meaningless
- Anomic: when normalcy ends ex) job loss
- Fatalistic: same thing day after day
- Anomy: aimed or learned helplessness
Robert Merton’s Strain Theory
argues that deviance occurs when a society doesn’t give all members equal ability to achieve
Types of Strain Theories
- Conformist: accept goals/strategies
- Ritualist: rejects goals but not norms
- Innovator: rejects norms
- Retreatist: stops participating in society
- Rebel: rejects norms and goals
Symbolic Interactionalists
take micro view of society
examine beliefs and assumptions of everyday interactions in order to find the causes or explanations for deviance
Labeling Theory
People unconsciously note how others see/label them and then internalize labels and take them as “truth”
Primary Deviance
first act of rule breaking that may result in the rue breaker being labeled “deviant”
INFLUENCES HOW PEOPLE ACT/THINK ABOUT THEM
Secondary Deviance
acts of rule breaking that occur AFTER primary deviance and as a result of a persons new deviant label
escalation of deviance (hurting animals to killing animals)
Stigma
Negative social label that changes your behavior towards a person as well as changing that persons self-concept and social ID, involve SERIOUS consequences
