Chapter 6

Question 1

Society

Answer 1

consists of people who share a culture and a territory

Question 2

Hunting and Gathering

Answer 2

societies with the fewest social divisions, the most leisure group of all societies, very simple

Question 3

Pastoral Society

Answer 3

pasturing of animals and nomadic in nature

Question 4

Horticultural Society

Answer 4

based on cultivation of plants leading to permanent settlement

Question 5

Agricultural society

Answer 5

invention of the plow, creation of surplus food, dawn of civilization

Question 6

Industrial society

Answer 6

invention of steam engine, manual labor placed by machines, inequality increases

Question 7

Postindustrial Society

Answer 7

invention of the microchips, featuring in technology, information, and services

Question 8

Group

Answer 8

members having something in common and believe that what they have in common makes a difference

Question 9

Aggregates

Answer 9

individuals temporarily share same physical space (drivers in a traffic jam)

Question 10

Category

Answer 10

people having similar characteristics, not necessarily interacting to each other

Question 11

Primary Group

Answer 11

characterized by an intimate, a long-term face to face association and cooperation

Question 12

Secondary Group

Answer 12

characterized by larger, relatively temporary, more anonymous, mor formal, more impersonal

Question 13

In- Groups

Answer 13

groups toward which we feel loyalty such as police or army unit

Question 14

out- group

Answer 14

groups toward which we feel antagonisms such as the KKK

Question 15

Reference Groups

Answer 15

Groups we use as standards to evaluate ourselves such as families, classmates, coworkers, teachers, etc.

Question 16

Cliques

Answer 16

cluster of people within a larger group who choose to interact with one another

Question 17

Electronic Community

Answer 17

individuals who interact with one another on the internet

Question 18

Social networks

Answer 18

the social ties radiating outward from the self that link people together

Question 19

group dynamics

Answer 19

the ways in which individuals affect groups and groups affect individuals

Question 20

small group

Answer 20

a group small enough for everyone to interact directly with all the other members

Question 21

dyad

Answer 21

smallest possible group consisting of two people, most unstable group because of its size

Question 22

Triad

Answer 22

group of three people, the larger the group, the more complex the relationships in between

Question 23

Instrumental Leader

Answer 23

task oriented, trying to keep the group moving

Question 24

Expressive Leader

Answer 24

Socio- emotional leader trying to increase harmony and minimize conflicts in a group

Question 25

Authoritarian

Answer 25

leading by giving orders

Question 26

Democratic

Answer 26

leading by trying to gain a consensus

Question 27

Laissez- Faire

Answer 27

leading by giving highly permissive

Question 28

Anomie

Answer 28

generally occurs when people feel a sense of detachment and not belonging

Question 29

Division of Labor

Answer 29

the dividing up of wok.

Question 30

Alienation

Answer 30

state of being isolated from a group in which one should belong

Question 31

Community

Answer 31

a group of people living in the same place or having a particular characteristic in common.

Question 32

Reference Group

Answer 32

groups we use to evaluate ourselves, based on standards

Question 33

Double Standard

Answer 33

a rule or principle that is unfairly applied in different ways to different people or groups.

Question 34

Monopolies

Answer 34

the exclusive possession or control of the supply or trade in a commodity or service.

Question 35

Triangles

Answer 35

power elite, middle class, underclass