Chapter 6

Question 1

Sensation is to :

Answer 1

Bottom-up processing

Question 2

Perception is to :

Answer 2

Top-down processing

Question 3

This process by which we organize and interpret sensory information is called:

Answer 3

Perception

Question 4

Subliminal stimuli are

Answer 4

Below our absolute threshold for conscious awareness.

Question 5

Another term for difference threshold is the:

Answer 5

just noticeable difference

Question 6

Weber’s law states that for a difference to be perceived, two stimuli must differ by:

Answer 6

A constant minimum percentage.

Question 7

Sensory adaptation helps us focus on

Answer 7

important changes in the environment

Question 8

Our perceptual set influences what we perceive. This mental tendency reflects our:

Answer 8

Experiences, assumptions and expectations.

Question 9

The characteristic of light that determines the color we experience, such as blue or green is

Answer 9

wavelength

Question 10

The blind spot in your retina is located where

Answer 10

the optic nerve leaves the eye.

Question 11

Cones are the eyes receptor cells hat are especially sensitive to __________ lights, and are responsible for our __________ Vision.

Answer 11

Bright; color

Question 12

The amplitude of a light wave is located where

Answer 12

the optic nerve leaves the eye.

Question 13

two theories together account for color vision. The young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory shows that the eye contains __________.

Answer 13

Three types of color receptors.

Question 14

The opponent- process theory accounts for the nervous system’s having __________.

Answer 14

Opponent-process cells.

Question 15

what mental process allows you to perceive a lemon as yellow?

Answer 15

your Brain constructs this perception of color in 2 stages.

Question 16

The cells in the visual cortex that respond to certain lines, edges and angles are :

Answer 16

Feature detectors

Question 17

The brain;s ability to process many aspects of an object or a problem simultaneously is called ___________.

Answer 17

parallel processing.

Question 18

Our tendencies to fill in the gaps and to perceive a pattern as continuous are two different examples of the organizing principle called:

Answer 18

Grouping

Question 19

In listening to a concert you attend to the solo instrument and perceive the orchestra as accompaniment, this illustrates the organizing principle of:

Answer 19

Figure-ground

Question 20

The visual cliff experiments suggest that

Answer 20

crawling human infants and very young animals perceive depth.

Question 21

Depth perception underlines our ability to :

Answer 21

Judge Distances

Question 22

Two examples of ___________ depth cues are interposition and lineas prespective.

Answer 22

Monocular

Question 23

Perceiving a tomato as consistently red, despite lighting shifts, is an example of:

Answer 23

Perceptual Constancy

Question 24

After surgery to restore vision, patients who had been blind from birth had difficulty:

Answer 24

Recognizing objects by sight.

Question 25

In experiments, people have worn glasses that turned their visual fields upside down.After a period of adjustment, they learned to function quite well. This ability is called :

Answer 25

Perceptual adaptation.

Question 26

The snail-shaped tube in the inner ear, where sound waves are converted into neural activity is called the :

Answer 26

Cochlea.

Question 27

What are the basic steps in transforming sound waves into perceived sound?

Answer 27

The outer ear collects sound waves, which are translated into mechanical waves by the middle ear and turned into fluid waves in the inner ear.

Question 28

What theory explains how we hear high-pitched sounds?

Answer 28

Place Theory

Question 29

What theory explains how we hear low-pitched sounds?

Answer 29

Frequency theory

Question 30

The gate-control theory of pain proposes that

Answer 30

Small spinal cord nerve fibers conduct most pain signals, bur large fiber activity can close access to those pain signals.

Question 31

How does the biopsychosocial approach explain our experience of pain?

Answer 31

Pain is influenced by biological factors, psychological factors, and social cultural factors.

Question 32

we have specialized nerve receptors for detecting which five tastes? how did this ability aid our ancestors?

Answer 32

we have specialized receptors for detecting sweet, salty, sour, bitter, and umami tastes.

Question 33

What is our sense of body position and movement?

Answer 33

Kinesthesia

Question 34

What specifically monitors our heads movement, with sensors in the inner ear?

Answer 34

Vestibular sense

Question 35

Why do you feel a little dizzy immediately after a roller coaster ride?

Answer 35

Your vestibular sense regulates balance and body positioning through kinesthetic receptors triggered by fluid in your inner ear.

Question 36

A food’s aroma can greatly enhance its taste. This is an example of:

Answer 36

Sensory interaction.

Question 37

Which of the following ESP phenomena is supported by solid, replicable scientific evidence?

Answer 37

Not telepathy, precognition, nor clairvoyance