Chapter 6

Question 1

they are aryl, carbocyclic, or heterocyclic compounds containing chlorine substituents

Answer 1

organochlorine pesticides

Question 2

routes of absorption of organochlorine pesticides

Answer 2

skin, inhalation, oral ingestion

Question 3

abandoned because they cause severe environmental damage

Answer 3

organochlorine pesticides

Question 4

continues to have very restricted use for domestic mosquito elimination in malaria-infested areas of africa

Answer 4

DDT/dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane

Question 5

most widely used organochlorine pesticide

Answer 5

DDT/ dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane

Question 6

treatment of organochlorine pesticide

Answer 6

diazepam - convulsions
lavage, decontamination
cholineesterase inhibitors

Question 7

Useful pesticides when in direct contact with insects.

Answer 7

organophosphorous pesticides

Question 8

useful when used as plant systemics, where the agent is translocated within the plant and exerts its effect on insects that feed on the plant

Answer 8

organophosphorous pesticides

Question 9

these agents are based on compounds such as soman, sarin, and tabun which are developed for use as war gases

Answer 9

organophosphorous pesticides

Question 10

used in human and veterinary cmpds as local or systemic antiparasitics

Answer 10

organophosphorous compounds

Question 11

routes of absorption of organophosphorous compounds

Answer 11

skin, resp, GIT

Question 12

Biotransformation is rapid compared to chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides.

Answer 12

organophosphorous pesticides

Question 13

major effect of OPP

Answer 13

inhibit acetylcholinesterase through phosphorylation of the esteratic site

Question 14

Manifestations of OPP

Answer 14

Altered neurologic and cognitive functions. (gait, ataxia, polyneuropathy associated w/ burning and tingling sensation.

Question 15

These compounds inhibit acetylcholinesterase by carbamylation of the esteratic site.

Answer 15

Carbamates

Question 16

These are pesticides derived from natural resources

Answer 16

Botanical pesticides (nicotine, rotenone, pyrethrum)

Question 17

nicotine is derived from the dried leaves of..

Answer 17

N. tabacum and N. rustica

Question 18

Route of absorption of nicotine

Answer 18

rapidly absorbed from mucosal surfaces

Question 19

Free alkaloid but not the salt is readily absorbed from the skin.

Answer 19

nicotine

Question 20

Reacts with the acetylcholine sympathetic ganglia, neuromuscular junction resulting in the depolarization of the membrane

Answer 20

nicotine

Question 21

Rotenone is obtained from..

Answer 21

Derris elliptica, D. mallaccensis, Lonchocarpus utilis, L. urucu

Question 22

oral ingestion of rotenone

Answer 22

GI irritation, conjunctivitis, dermatitis, pharyngitis, rhinitis

Question 23

esters of pyrethrum

Answer 23

pyrethrin 1,2
cinerin 1,2
jasmolin 1,2

Question 24

used for the destruction of weed

Answer 24

chlorophenoxy herbicides

Question 25

in large doses can cause coma and generalized muscle hypotonia.

Answer 25

2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)

Question 26

is often contaminated with dioxins and other polychlorinated compounds, it is no longer used because dioxin is a potent animal and human carcinogen.

Answer 26

2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T)

Question 27

Most widely used herbicide in the world.

Answer 27

glyphosphate

Question 28

functions as a contact herbicide and it is absorbed through the leaves and roots of plants

Answer 28

glyphosphate

Question 29

The most important agent of this class (herbicide)

Answer 29

paraquat (bipyridil herbicide)

Question 30

MOA: is similiar in plants and animals and involves single-electron reduction of the herbicide to free radical species.

Answer 30

paraquat (bipyridil herbicide)

Question 31

rapidly cause death by paralyzing the nervous system through disruption of the membrane ion transport system in nerve axons.

Answer 31

paraquat (bipyridil herbicide)

Question 32

accumulates slowly in the lung by an active process and causes lung edema, alveolitis and progressive fibrosis.

Answer 32

paraquat

Question 33

s/sx of paraquat after oral exposure

Answer 33

hematemesis, bloody stoos

Question 34

tx of paraquat exposure

Answer 34

``` lavage cathartics absorbents oxygen immunosuppressant therapy - to stop or slow the progessive pulomonary fibrosis ```