chapter 6 Flashcards
(21 cards)
Attachment?
Enduring emotional bond between one animal or person and another
What three things were discussed in class as the things that an attached infant does with a caregiver?
Make eye contact, pull and tug at them, asked to be picked up
Separation Anxiety?
behaviors such as thrashing about, fussing, crying, screeching, or whining when contact with caregiver is lost
What study technique did Ainsworth use to study attachment?
strange situation method: infants are exposed to a series of separations and reunions with a caregiver, and a stranger who is a confederate of the researchers
What are the four types of attachment that were covered in class and what are some of the key features of each?
a. SECURE ATTACHMENT: mildly protest mother departure, seek interaction when reunited, are readily comforted by mother.
b. AVOIDANT ATTACHMENT: infants least distressed by mothers departure, play without fuss when alone, ignore mothers when they return.
c. AMBIVALENT/RESISTANT ATTACHMENT: infants are most emotional, show severe signs of distress, when mothers leave and are ambivalent upon their return.
d. Disorganized/disoriented attachment
Babies seem dazed, confused, disoriented; behaviors are contradictory
What type of play are fathers more likely to participate in?
rough and tough tumble play
What type of interaction increases the strength of the attachment between infant and father?
More affectionate interaction
What did Harlow do to make older deprived monkey become more social?
Placed older monkey with a younger monkey
What percentage of parents engage in some sort of psychological or physical child abuse?
90%
Approximately how many children are abused each year?
3 million
What percentage of child abuse cases go unreported?
50-60%
What are the autism spectrum disorders?
a. Asperger’s disorder: social deficits and stereotyped behavior; no significant cognitive or language delays associated with autism
b. Rett’s disorder: physical behavioral, motor and cognitive abnormalities that begin after a few months of apparent normal development
c. Childhood disintegrative disorder: abnormal functioning and loss of previously acquired skills that begins after about 2 years of apparent normal development
What are the key indicators of autism?
does not babble, point, or make meaningful gestures by year 1 of age, does not speak one word for 16 months, does not combine two words by 2 years, does not respond to name, loses language and social skills
Who is autism more prevalent in?
boys
What are the biological factors that play a key role in autism?
Low birth weight, and advanced maternal age, neurological abnormalities (brain wave patterns, neurotransmitter sensitivity, unusual activity in motor region of cerebral cortex)
- What is stranger anxiety?
a. The development of the fear of strangers
b. Is normal and most infants develop it
c. Appears at 6 to 9 months of age
d. Older infants will display crying, whimpering, gazing fearfully, and crawling away
e. Peaks at 9 to 12 months of age
f. Declines in 2nd year
What in the nose-touching technique and what does it test?
Infants begin to touch their own noses upon looking into the mirror, it tests self-awareness, self awareness affects the infants social and emotional development, knowledge of self permits the infant and child develop notions of sharing and cooperation with other children.
What are the three types of temperament that Thomas and Chess identified?
a. Easy child (40%) – regular sleep and feeding schedules, approaches new situations with enthusiasm, and is generally cheerful.
b. Difficult child (10%) – irregular sleep and feeding schedules, is slow to accept new people, takes a long time adapting to new routines, and is prone to emotional outbursts
c. Slow to warm up child (15%) – falls between the two categories
What might make a difficult child even more difficult?
Rigidity of the parents (this would be an example of a poor fit between parent and child)
At what age do children typically start to distinguish between boy and girl toys
12 months
What age are children aware of gender-appropriate and gender-inappropriate behavior
24 months
