chapter 7 Flashcards
(18 cards)
With height and weight gains, which increases more rapidly in early childhood?
height
What does brain weight look like at age 2 and age 5?
75% and 90%
What is the corpus callosum?
a thick bundle of nerve fibers that connects the hemispheres
At what age is plasticity greatest?
age 1-2
At what age do most children master large motor skills?
age 4 to 5
What is the advantage of rough-and-tumble play?
helps develop physical and social skills in children
What are the pros and cons of left-handedness?
Cons: dyslexia, stuttering, high blood pressure, epilepsy, schizophrenia, and depression
Pros: higher math ability, success in athletics, success in musical fields, architectural fields, and the arts
- What are the two things that parents can do to try and increase the likelihood that a child will like a certain food?
repeated exposure
eat it themselves
What are the two most common minor childhood illnesses?
respiratory infections
-gastrointestinal upsets
What is the number one cause of death in early childhood?
motor vehicle accidents
What are the dangers that a poor child faces in terms of childhood accidents?
part from living in dangerous housing and neighborhoods.
What are sleep terrors and what are some key features that are related to them?
Sleep terrors
- More severe than nightmares
- Occur during deep sleep (not during REM)
- Begin in childhood; end in late adolescence
- Can be associated with stress
- May wake suddenly with a surge in heart and respiration rates, talk incoherently; thrash about
Sleep terrors can contribute to child’s fear of going to sleep and insomnia; caretakers have to be understanding and give affection; regular sleep routine helps
What is somnambulism and what are some of the key things you learned about it?
sleep walking
Children may walk, rearrange toys, go to the bathroom, go to the refrigerator
- Will have no memory of the activity
- Awakening does not cause aggressive behavior
- Onset is between ages of 3 and 8
- Occurs during deep sleep
- Associated with immaturity of the nervous system
What is enuresis and how is it different from typical bed-wetting?
-Failure to control the bladder (urination) once the “normal” age for achieving bladder control has been reached (usually at age 5)
What is encopresis and what might cause it?
Lack of control over the bowels
What is egocentrism according to Piaget?
- One-dimensional thinking
- Think parents are aware of everything that is happening to them
- Piaget used “three-mountains” test to measure it
What is conservation?
Law that holds that properties of substances such as volume, mass, and number remain the same even if you change their shape or arrangement
-Attainment of this skill moves the child into concrete operational stage
What are ZPD and scaffolding?
zone of proximal development:
scaffolding: temporary support provided by a parent or teacher, till they are capable of carrying out a task on their own
