Chapter 6

Question 1

Consists of the outer, middle, and inner ear

Answer 1

Peripheral system

Question 2

Consists of the outer and middle ear

Answer 2

Conductive system

Question 3

Consists of the inner ear

Answer 3

Sensory system

Question 4

System that uses the central mechanism (electrochemical energy)

Answer 4

Central system

Question 5

Area of the ear that uses acoustic energy

Answer 5

Outer ear

Question 6

Area of the ear that uses mechanical energy

Answer 6

Middle ear

Question 7

Area of the ear that uses hydrodynamic energy

Answer 7

Inner ear

Question 8

Area of the ear that uses electrical energy

Answer 8

Beyond the inner ear

Question 9

Collects sound from the environment, most noticeable part, funnel like configuration

Answer 9

Auricle/pinna

Question 10

What is the auricle/ pinna made of?

Answer 10

Cartilage

Question 11

Helps funnel sound into external auditory canal.

Important for the localization of sound.

Answer 11

Concha

Question 12

Effective for blocking sounds.

Answer 12

Tragus

Question 13

More efficient at delivering high frequency sounds than low frequency sounds.

Answer 13

Pinna

Question 14

Extends from concha to eardrum and is 2.6cm or about 1 inch in length and 5-7mm in diameter.

Answer 14

External acoustic meatus/ EAC

Question 15

Outer portion passes through cartilage

Inner portion passes through the temporal bone

Answer 15

Cartilaginous EAC

Question 16

Inner portion passes through the temporal bone

Answer 16

Bony external EAC

Question 17

produce oily, fatty substance

Answer 17

Sebaceous gland

Question 18

How does earwax (cerumen) exit the ear?

Answer 18

distorted through chewing or speaking.

Question 19

keep foreign objects from passing into the inner part

Answer 19

Cerumen

Question 20

Part of the EAC that has no glands and no hair

Answer 20

Bony EAC

Question 21

marks border between outer and middle ear; extremely thin and efficient vibrating system, rich in blood supply

Answer 21

Tympanic membrane

Question 22

What are the 3 layers of the tympanic membrane?

Answer 22

Epidermal, fibrocartilaginous, mucosal

Question 23

viewed from the EAC & made up of the same skin

Answer 23

Outer epidermal layer

Question 24

a layer of tough, fibrous, connective tissue; contributes to the membrane’s ability to vibrate 
with impinging sound waves

Answer 24

Middle fibrocartilaginous layer

Question 25

- viewed from the middle-ear space
- completely lined with mucous membrane

Answer 25

Mucosal layer

Question 26

Oval air filled space; Separated from the ear canal by the tympanic membrane

Answer 26

Middle ear

Question 27

What is the middle ear connected to?

Answer 27

nasopharynx (nose and throat) through the Eustachian tube.

Question 28

The eustachian tube is usually kept ____

Answer 28

Closed

Question 29

When is the eustachian tube open?

Answer 29

yawning, sneezing, swallowing, or when excessive pressure is applied from nose.

Question 30

What are the 3 functions of the eustachian tube?

Answer 30

- Equalize air pressure on both sides of tympanic membrane - Provides air supply essential to the metabolism of middle ear tissue - Drainage of middle ear secretions into the nasopharynx

Question 31

bony portion of the inner ear extended into the middle ear space Separates two connections between the middle and inner ear

Answer 31

Promontory

Question 32

What are the 3 bones of the middle ear?

Answer 32

Malleus, incus, stapes

Question 33

Must OVERCOME the loss of energy (25~30dB) that results when sound passes from one medium (air) to another medium (fluid).

Answer 33

Middle ear impedance matcher

Question 34

What are the mechanisms of middle ear impedance matching

Answer 34

- Areal ratio of the tympanic membrane to the stapes footplate - Lever action of the ossicles

Question 35

Pulls the stapes laterally and posteriorly, making the movement of the ossicular chain less efficient - Ear protection

Answer 35

Stapedius muscle

Question 36

What does the stapedius muscle help to improve?

Answer 36

improve word recognition in noise

Question 37

pulls manubrium medially; protects ear from loud sound

Answer 37

tensor tympani muscle