Chapter 6

Question 1

Acquisition

Answer 1

Gaining information and placing it into memory

Question 2

Storage

Answer 2

To hold information until it is needed

Question 3

Retrieval

Answer 3

Locate information stored and bring it into active use

Question 4

Modal Model

Answer 4

Architecture of memory. Working memory as both the storage site and loading platform for long-term memory.

Question 5

Iconic Memory

Answer 5

Part of sensory memory for visual inputs

Question 6

Echoic Memory

Answer 6

Part of sensory memory for auditory inputs

Question 7

Short-Term Memory

Answer 7

Where information is held while working on it

Question 8

Long-Term Memory

Answer 8

Repository containing all of my knowledge and all of my beliefs

Question 9

Free Call Procedure

Answer 9

Participant is free to report the words in any order they choose as heard

Question 10

Primacy Effect

Answer 10

Recalling the first few words on the list of many words

Question 11

Recency Effect

Answer 11

Recalling the last few words on the list of many words

Question 12

Serial Position

Answer 12

U-shaped curve describing the relation between position within the series (primacy and recency effect)

Question 13

Serial Position

Answer 13

U-shaped curve describing the relation between position within the series (primacy and recency effect)

Question 14

Memory Rehearsal

Answer 14

As participants hear the list of words, they typically repeat it over and over to themselves

Question 15

Digit-Span Task

Answer 15

Participants read a series of digits and must immediately repeat them back. Usually go to 7-8 words.

Question 16

7 +/- 2

Answer 16

Capacity of memorization at a single given time, ranging from 5-9 words.

Question 17

Chunking

Answer 17

Hypothetical storage unit in working memory; chunk the information into sets.

Question 18

Operation Span

Answer 18

Procedure designed to measure working memory when it is “working.”

Question 19

Articulatory Rehearsal Loop

Answer 19

Verbal material

Question 20

Visuospatial Buffer

Answer 20

Visual materials such as images

Question 21

Maintenance Rehearsal

Answer 21

Participants focus on the to-be-remembered items themselves, with little thought about what the items mean or how they are related to each other.

Question 22

Elaborative Rehearsal

Answer 22

Thinking about what the to-be-remembered items mean and how they’re related to each other and to other things you already know.

Question 23

Intentional Learning

Answer 23

Learning that is deliberate, with an expectation that memory will be tested later.

Question 24

Incidental Learning

Answer 24

Learning in the absence of any intention to learn.

Question 25

Shallow Processing

Answer 25

Participants engaged in material in a superficial fashion.

Question 26

Deep Processing

Answer 26

Processing that requires thought about what the word mean.

Question 27

Level of Processing

Answer 27

How deeply newly learned materials are engaged.

Question 28

Retrieval Paths

Answer 28

Paths that can guide your thoughts toward the content to be remembered.

Question 29

Mnemonic Strategies

Answer 29

Technique used to improve memory accuracy and to make learning easier.

Question 30

Peg-Word Systems

Answer 30

Type of mnemonic strategy using words or locations as pegs on which to hang the materials to be remembered.

Question 31

Reading Span

Answer 31

Participant reads sentences and remembers the last work in each sentence. The number of words remembered is the reading span.

Question 32

Central Executive

Answer 32

Controls thoughts and actions, launch responses, plan and set goals, and breaks habits and routines.