chapter 6 and 8 Flashcards
what is the Europa plan
suggested by who
a large-scale rescue plan to exchange European Jews for money (ransom remaining Jews off)
Rabbi WeissMandel
why did the Europa Plan fail?
bc couldnt raise money in America
American Jews felt it was illegal
what did Rabbi WeissMandel try to get the allies to do
who did he get caught by
why did the allies refuse
bomb railways
germans sent him to aushwitz but he jumped out of the train on the way there
would send planes out of way - would get in way of war effort
although allies were bombing miles away form gas chambers
who is george mandel-mantello
a religious wealthy romanian jew who tried to help as many jews as he can - trying ot get them to emigrate to EY and western countries
what did America/Pres Roosevelt do in the war
Refugee Board Mission
what is the Refugee Board Mission
was it successful
help remaining jews in europe
saved 200,000 jews
why did rooselvelt do this
found out congress would embarss him publicily by voting and deciding on tehir own to set up the board
what does germany decide dot do in june 1944
destroy jews of hungary
what did the germans persuade the Hungarian govt to do
deport hungarian jews
400,000 were sent to aushwitz
what is the death marches
what were the conditions
as germans began losing
forced jews to march to Germany
in the fall and winter
wore thin clothing
no shoes or wooden shoes
barely given food
if you fell - u would be shot on the spot
thousands of ppl died
in some locations what would people do to jews on death marches
give them food
once the allies came to the camps what would the soldiers give the jews
and what would happen 2 some of them
food
but since many of their digestive system couldn’t handle it = died
what would teh allies do with the dead bodies
mass burials in camps
what was the main problem for many survivors
(provide instances)
many of them had nowhere to go
when they would go back home - there would be ppl living there - who would be surprised to see Jews alive
those who agreed w/ hitler would attack the Jews - would make the area dangerous
to send a message to the Jews to not come back
What was Kieltc
Pogrom
organised attack on jews to send a message to not come back
what did the US and the allies establish
who was this for
and how would it help jews find family
Displaced Persons Camps
jews who had nowhere to go
they would write names and where they were from - send it to other camps in hopes of finding relatives
warsaw ghetto uprising
what did the jews do
what were the results from their actions
threw bombs
german soliders were shocked
would come back w/ more soldiers and flame throwers
would either kill survivors on the spot or taken to Treblinka or other death camps
summer 1942
where did germans start moving
what was their goal
who was able to stop them
eastward in north africa
annihalate massive jewish communities of the region - especially EY
British Army b4 Germany reached EY
Spring 1943
What did the Germans do to the Jews of Greece
destroyed the largest sephardic community
including souls and 98% of the population
Germany towards Hungary jews:
What happened as a result of this
would deport them rapidly to aushwitgz using trains
the commander in charge of Aushwitz - Rudolph Hess
had to call EIchmann to slow down operate
couldn’t handle the largest of amount of jews being sent to gas chambers
who did Rabbi Weissmandel and Mrs.Fleischman lead
what did rabbi weissmandel spend 2 yrs trying to do
Slovakian Jews underground
bribe slovikan guards to stop deportation = failed
day after day starting may 15 1944 what would happen
regarding jews and trains
there would be trains filed with 12,000 jews to aushwitgz
who did the Hungarian govt get enormous pressure from
to do what and what happened
king of Sweden begged leader of Hungary to save remains jews in the name of humanity
deportations finally stopped
the Germans were furious Hungary stopped their trains
so what did they do
deposed leader
installed their own govt
then tens of thousands of jews were killed by Hungarian Arrow Cross soldiers in Budapest
who is Raoul Wallenberg
what did he do
what about his family
a nonjew Swedish diplomat
saved 10,000s of Hungarian jews
gave up a comfortable secure career and life-style to work on behalf of the jewish people
went to EY and remained there - believing in the right of the jews to the promised land
most imp and wealthy fam
after war refugee board was set up
what did Wallenberg do
set up safe houses for jews in Budapest under swedish and Swiss protection
provided jews with Swedish papers
carried food to jews on death marches and succeeded in jews getting released
what ended up happening to Wallenberg
kiddnapped by Russians and sent to Russian labor camp
1944 - who were Germans rounding up and killing who
jews of greek islands
what happened to jews of rhodes
sephardic jews
snatched sent on a 2 week journey - no food to birkenau
what happened to jews of crete
what day
loaded on boat with other german enemies including italian soliders
shipwrecked and everyone drowned
june 6, 1944
what else happened on june 6 1944
jews of corfu were arrested and semt to aushwitz
how did george mandel - mantello help the jews of europe
who helped him
opened up operation w/ consulate to mass produce salvadoran citizenship which he snet to 1,000s of jew refugees
jewish and christian studnets
did geroge mandel - mantello earn money for his work
no never took a penny
when jews of hungary came under attack what did GMM do
organized rescue efforts in switzerlsnd - contacted friends to find out how things were doing
