Chapter 6: Cell Function Flashcards
What are the 2 methods of transportation?
Active and passive transport
What are the 5 types of passive transport?
Simple diffusion, osmosis, dialysis, facilitated (channel-mediated & carrier mediated), and filtration.
Passive Transport
Do not require energy, moves based on concentration.
Active Transport
Only occurs in living cells, through living membranes. Requires energy from ATP. Movement of substances is “up the concentration gradient” (low to high)
What are the 2 types of active transport?
Membrane pumps & transport by vesicles (endo and exo cytosis)
Membrane Pumps
It uses energy from ATP to move substances across cell membranes AGAINST their concentration gradient.
A protein complex in the cell membrane is called the ________:
Carrier
Endocytosis
Receptors recognize the substance and bring it into the cell
Exocytosis
Intracellular material are enclosed by vesicles by the G.A. Vesicles are pulled out to the plasma membrane and release contents.
What are the two types of endocytosis?
Phagocytosis-“cellular eating” Lysosomes digest the particles.
Pinocytosis-“cellular drinking’ Fluids and substances dissolved in it enter the cell.
Simple Diffusion
Molecules move and spread out evenly. High concentration–>low concentration.
Osmosis
Diffusion where WATER passes through a membrane while the substances cannot. Water is permeant.
Simple Diffusion occurs through a ________ layer:
Phospholipid
Osmotic Pressure:
Water pressure that develops in a solution as a result of osmosis.
Isotonic Solution
Water concentration is same inside & outside of the cell.
Hypotonic Solution
Higher concentration of water outside of cell results in water moving into the cell.
Hypertonic Solution
Lower concentration of water outside the cell causes water to flow out of cell.
Dialysis
Causes the separation of smaller solute particles from larger ones. Diffusion of solutes across a membrane.
What are the 2 types of faciliated diffusion?
Channel mediated & carrier mediated
Channel-Mediated P.T
Channels are specific, as in they only allow one type of solute to pass through.
What facilitated diffusion channels may be open or closed and are activated by a variety of stimuli?
Channel Mediated
Carrier-Mediated P.T
Carriers attract and bind to the solute, change shape, and release the solutte out the other side of the carrier.
Carrier-mediated P.T
Works one way. Not back and forth.
Filtration
Movement of water and permeable solutes (dissolved substances) through a membrane from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure (molecules can be forced through membranes).
