Chapter 6 Cellular respiration

Question 0

The process of using glucose and oxygen to produce ATP is called?

Answer 0

Aerobic respiration-requires organisms to acquire O2 and get rid of CO2

Question 1

ATP stands for what?

Answer 1

Adenosine triphosphate

Question 2

What is the chemical reaction for cellular respiration?

Answer 2

(Opposite of photosynthesis)

C6H12O6+6O2—->
6CO2+6H2O+36ATP

Question 3

ATP is used to do work such as muscle contractions (kinetic energy).

Answer 3

True

Question 4

What are the 3 main stages of cellular respiration? And where do they occur in eukaryotes?

Answer 4

Glycolysis-cytoplasm
KREBS cycle-mitochon. matrix
ETC-inner membrane cristae

Question 5

Mitochondria have two phospholipid bilayers called:

Answer 5

Inner membrane & outer membrane

Question 6

What is the cristae, intermembrane compartment & matrix?

Answer 6

Folds inside that greatly increase surface area of inner membrane

Area between two membranes

Fluid enclosed within inner membrane (kreb cycle)

Question 7

In bacteria and Archaea, glycolysis,

Kreb, & ETC occur where?

Answer 7

Gly& kreb-cytoplasm

Etc-cell membrane

Question 8

Glyco-

Lysis-

Answer 8

Sugar

Break

Question 9

ATP synthesis requires energy ______

Answer 9

Input

Question 10

Cellular resp __________ energy from glucose in several steps.

Answer 10

Releases

Question 11

Explain glycolysis

Answer 11

2 ATPs donate a phosphate group to the sugar. Glucose then splits into two 3-carbon molecules of pyruvate. Each pyruvate acquires another phosphate group & 2 NADHs are produced.Producing net yield of 2 ATP (4 made & 2 spent) and 2 NADH, 2 3-carbons (pyruvate).

Question 12

What is pyruvate?

Answer 12

Three carbon product of glycolysis

Question 13

What is NADH & FADH?

Answer 13

Molecule that carries electrons in glycolysis (NADH only) & respiration (both)

Question 14

Explain The prep step.

Answer 14

Pyruvate is oxidized to acetyl coA

As they enter the mitochondria. 2 carbons stripped are exhaled as co2. 2 NADH produced. No ATP is formed here.

Question 15

Explain the Krebs cycle.

Answer 15

The kreb cycle excepts the acetyl coA, one at a time, running its cycle twice.
4 carbons exhaled as co2
2 atp made
6nadh made (2 elec each)
2 fadh2 made (2 elec each)

Question 16

What is the total yield of ATP, NADH and FADH2, after Glyco & Krebs cycle?

Answer 16

TOTAL:
4 atp
10 NADH
2 FADH2

(6 co2 exhaled byproduct)

Question 17

Explain the ETC.

Answer 17

NADH & Fadh2 donate e- to etc. As e- travels through etc, hydrogen ions transport into intermembrane compartment. At end of etc, e- are donated to O2 and forms h2o.
Final e- acceptor is O2. Hydrogen ions move DOWN concen gradient into matrix through ATP synthase, producing ATP.(phosphate added back to adp).
Producing 34 ATP

Question 18

What is the total ATP of cellular respiration?

Answer 18

36

Question 19

What is the starting Materials and end products of glycolysis?

Answer 19

Starting is glucose.

End product is 2 pyruvate, 2ATPs, 2 NADH

Question 20

What is produced in the Prep step?

Answer 20

Pyruvate’s are oxidized to two acetyl coA (3 carbon each)

2 CO2’s are exhaled.
2 NADH

Question 21

What is the starting materials and end products of the Krebs cycle?

Answer 21

2 acetyl coAs are cycled once each

Producing: 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, and 4 co2 exhaled

Question 22

At what point are on the carbons gone?

Answer 22

After Krebs cycle

Question 23

What is the starting materials and products of the electron transport chain?

Answer 23

10 NADH and 2 fadh drop e- into etc.

Producing: 34 ATP

Question 24

What is the final electron acceptor in the ETC?

Answer 24

O2 (inhaled)

Question 25

Electrons are what kind of energy?

Answer 25

Potential

Question 26

What parts of cellular respiration are anaerobic and aerobic?

Answer 26

Glycolysis is anaerobic Prep step, Krebs cycle, and ETC are aerobic

Question 27

Where does each step of cellular respiration occur in an animal cell?

Answer 27

Glycol- cytoplasm Prep-mitochondria Krebs-mitochondria etc-mitochondria embedded inner membrane

Question 28

What does a glucose molecule look like chemically?

Answer 28

6 carbons with a 1:2:1 ratio c, h and o C6H12O6

Question 29

Proteins and fats are also used as energy sources for the cell. True or false?

Answer 29

True.

Question 30

Starch and glycogen are polysaccharides. True or false?

Answer 30

True.

Question 31

Explain how a protein is used in cellular respiration.

Answer 31

Proteins are broken down into amino acids and enters CR as pyruvate, acetyl coA, or prep step to the Krebs cycle.

Question 32

Explain how lipids are used in cellular respiration.

Answer 32

Enzymes in the small intestine digest fat into glycerol and fatty acids. Enzymes convert glycerol to pyruvate. Fatty acids Enter the mitochondria cut into many 2 carbon pieces released as acetyl coA. These both continue on with cellular respiration at those points.

Question 33

In the absence of oxygen, a cell can re-create NAD by another pathway called __________.

Answer 33

Fermentation

Question 34

What are the two types of fermentation?

Answer 34

Alcoholic and lactic acid

Question 35

Is fermentation anaerobic or aerobic?

Answer 35

Anaerobic

Question 36

What process of cellular respiration does fermentation take part in?

Answer 36

Glycolysis

Question 37

What is alcoholic fermentation?

Answer 37

NADH reduces pyruvate to ethanol and CO2. NAD is re-created

Question 38

What happens in lactic acid fermentation?

Answer 38

NADH reduces pyruvate to lactic acid NAD IS re-created

Question 39

During fermentation, oxidation of a glucose molecule yields only _____ATP.

Answer 39

2