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Psych 104 > Chapter 6 - Consciousness > Flashcards

Chapter 6 - Consciousness Flashcards

(54 cards)

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1
Q

Consciousness

A

A person’s moment to be subjective; personal experience

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2
Q

Qualia

A

Qualitative experience of your consciousness

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3
Q

In attentional blindness

A

A failure to notice something obvious changing in front of us when focused on something else

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4
Q

Change blindness

A

A failure to notice large changes in one’s environment
- We are conscious of these details, but we do not pay attention to them

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5
Q

Attention and Brain

A

• Studies have shown that we can maybe gain understanding of consciousness/attention in the brain
• fMRI
• Rough categories – face/bodies, emotions, self vs. others

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6
Q

What are the two types of Attention Processing

A

Automatic processing and Controlled processing

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7
Q

Automatic Processing

A

Occurs when we know a task so well that we can
do it without much attention.
• Allows less focus on consciousness

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8
Q

Controlled Processing

A

Helps us with more complex or new tasks, or situations.
• Slower than automatic processing

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9
Q

Test for Consciousness

A

Behavioural Study
•Objective measures
•E.g. Rouge test, mirror recognition test
• Tailor test to the subject

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10
Q

Circadian Rhythms

A

Rhythmic daily sleep cycles
- Wakefulness -> sleep

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11
Q

Sleep is regulated by a specific part of what?

A

Hypothalamus

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12
Q

Specific part of the hypothalamus that regulates sleep?

A

Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

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13
Q

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus

A

Signals the pineal gland to release melatonin
• Active-Reduce
• Inactive-Increase

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14
Q

Stage 1 of Sleep

A

Light Sleep (1-10 min)

•Alpha/beta waves from wakefulness transition to theta waves when you have fallen asleep

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15
Q

Stage 2 of Sleep

A

Deeper Sleep (10-25 min)

•Body is slowing down, heartrate, and more
•SLEEP SPINDLES (1-2 seconds rapid brain activity)

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16
Q

Stage 3 & 4 of Sleep

A

Deeper Sleep

•Appearance of DELTA WAVES
•Slow wave sleep

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17
Q

Stage 5 of Sleep

A

Aka REM Sleep

•Occupies 20-25% of our night’s sleep
•Cycles of REM sleep last between 20min-1h
•REM sleep paralysis

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18
Q

Animal sleep stages

A

• Most mammals follow the previous sleep stages
•All animals sleep
• Minus the bullfrog

• Sleep = consciousness?
• Even in plants?

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19
Q

Reptiles and Sleep

A

Similar sleep patterns to mammals
• Slow wave sleep
• REM sleep
• Suggests sleep is for processing and storing memories

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20
Q

Length of a reptile’s sleep cycle and how many hours they sleep a day

A

80 seconds, 16-17 hours a day (brumation)

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21
Q

Fish and Sleep Cycles

A

Similar brain patterns to land animals

• Slow wave sleep & REM sleep

•Like humans, decrease in
movement and responsiveness

•Some like sharks, can never stop moving, even in sleep

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22
Q

Restoration Theory

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A

Sleep is for Repair and Rest (of the body and brain)

23
Q

Circadian Rhythm Theory

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A

Sleep is for Survival (sleep at night when we are most vulnerable)

24
Q

Learning Theory

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A

Learning works better with sleep (learning connections are strengthened through sleep)

25
Freud’s Dream Theory
Manifest (actual dream) vs. Latent (what the dream symbolizes) • “The Interpretation of the Dream” (1900)
26
Activation-Synthesis Theory
Dreams mean nothing • Activation - random neural activity in the brain • Synthesis - cerebral cortex interprets activity
27
Insomnia
Difficulty in falling asleep, staying asleep •Most common sleep disorder (12 - 20% of population) • Pseudoinsomniacs • STRESS
28
REM Sleep Behaviour Disorder (RBD)
REM sleep paralysis is disabled •Caused by neural deficiency?
29
Sleepwalking
Somnambulism Episodes where a person walks while asleep • More common in children
30
Out-of-body Experiences
A sense of consciousness leaving our body •About 25% of college and university students report having experienced one or more of these
31
Near-death Experiences
An out-of-body experience reported by people who have nearly died or thought they were going to die • Passing through a dark tunnel, experiencing a bright light, seeing our lives pass before our eyes, and meeting spiritual being or long-dead relatives
32
Meditation
A mental procedure where we focus on some external or internal object, event, or sense of awareness
33
Concentrative meditation
Focus on one thing
34
Mindfulness meditation
Let thoughts flow freely
35
Benefits of Meditation
•lower blood pressure •less stress •changes to hormones •improvement in attention •more “positive brain activity” •improve in brain longterm
36
Hypnosis
Social interaction where a person responds to suggestions, experiences changes in memory, perception, and/or involuntary action
37
Post hypnotic suggestions
“When I say the word dog, you will stand up and bark like a dog. You will not remember this suggestion.”
38
Stimulants
heighten activity in the body
39
What do stimulants increase?
Heart rate, blood pressure, mood, restlessness
40
What do stimulants decrease?
Sleep
41
Different types of stimulants
Amphetamines, methamphetamines, cocaine, nicotine, caffeine
42
What do stimulants interfere with?
Reuptake of dopamine
43
What do stimulants increase?
Release of dopamine
44
Cocaine
Very powerful natural stimulant •Alert, energy, sociable, feeling amazing •Paranoia, psychotic, violence •Blocks reuptake of dopamine
45
Amphetamines
Stimulant that Reduces fatigue via increase of dopamine
46
Side effects of amphetamines
Insomnia, anxiety, addictive
47
Depressants
Depress/decrease behavioral and mental activity
48
Types of depressants
Alcohol and sedative-hypnotics (benzodiazepines)
49
What effect does alcohol have in Small Doses?
Feelings of relaxation, elevate mood, lower inhibitions, and impair judgement
50
Effect alcohol has in large doses
Sedating and depressant effects more apparent • Brain centers become depressed, slowing thinking and impairing concentration, coordination
51
What does alcohol increase the activity of?
GABA
52
What does alcohol decrease the activity of?
Glutamate
53
Opiates (narcotics)
Relieve pain and induce sleep
54
Types of Opiates
Heroin, morphine, codeine, oxycodone

Psych 104 (3 decks)

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