Chapter 6 Davis Flashcards by Ashley Prewitt

Name the tissues that make up the skeletal system.

The skeletal system is made of bone tissue (the bones), cartilage (at joints), and fibrous connective tissue (the ligaments and the periosteum).

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Do you remember the formal name for
bone cells?

The formal name for bone cells is osteocytes.

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Functions of the Skeleton:

Provides a framework
Protects
Contains red bone marrow
Stores calcium

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Name some Long bones in each of these categories.

femur, humerus, finger and toe bones

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Name some short bones in each of these categories.

wrist and ankle bones

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Name some Flat bones in each of these categories.

hip bones, ribs, cranial bones

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Name some Irregular bones in each of these categories.

facial bones, vertebrae

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ossification of the fetal skeleton begins in the third month of gestation

Embryonic Growth of Bone

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first made of fibrous connective tissue; replacement by bone matrix radiates from a center of ossification in each bone.

Cranial and facial bones

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All other bones are

first made of cartilage.

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first center of ossification is in the diaphysis; later centers in the epiphyses.

Long bones

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the site of growth after birth

Epiphyseal disc

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206 bones connected by ligaments

The Skeleton

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the skull, vertebrae, and rib cage

Axial skeleton

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the bones of the arms and legs and the shoulder and pelvic girdles

Appendicular skeleton

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Name the auditory bones.

The three auditory bones are the malleus, incus, and stapes (also called the hammer, anvil, and stirrup).

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discs of fibrous cartilage separate the bodies of adjacent vertebrae

Vertebral Column

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the sternum and 12 pairs of ribs (Costal cartilage is rib cartilage.)

Rib Cage

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Name the parts of the skeletal system described.

Osteoclasts

Reabsorb bone matrix

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Produce bone matrix

osteoblasts

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The most movable type of joint

ball and socket

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Bone that contains the ear receptors

temporal

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Permit compression of infant skull at birth

fontanels

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The frontal bone-sphenoid joint

suture

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Connect bone to bone

ligaments

Produces fluid in diarthroses

synovial membrane

Bone Tissue: are found in the matrix of calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, and collagen.

Osteocytes (cells)

Bone Tissue: haversian systems are present.

Compact bone

Bone Tissue: no haversian systems; red bone marrow present.

Spongy bone

Bone Tissue: smooth, on joint surfaces.

Articular cartilage

Bone Tissue: fibrous connective tissue membrane; anchors tendons and ligaments; has blood vessels that enter the bone.

Periosteum

Classification of bones: vertebrae, facial bones (spongy bone covered with compact bone).

Irregular bones

Classification of bones: ribs, pelvic bone, cranial bones (spongy bone covered with compact bone).

Flat bones

Classification of bones: wrists, ankles (spongy bone covered with compact bone).

Short bones

Classification of bones: arms, legs; shaft is the diaphysis (compact bone) with a marrow cavity containing yellow bone marrow (fat); ends are epiphyses (spongy bone)

Long bones

Embryonic Growth of Bone: produce bone matrix in a center of ossification in each bone; bone growth radiates outward

osteoblasts

Embryonic Growth of Bone: remain at birth to permit compression of the infant skull during birth; are calcified by age 2

fontanels

Embryonic Growth of Bone: Cartilage is produced on the,

epiphysis side

Embryonic Growth of Bone: bone replaces cartilage on the

diaphysis side.

Embryonic Growth of Bone: form the marrow cavity by reabsorbing bone matrix in the center of the diaphysis

Osteoclasts

Joints (articulations): lines the joint capsule; secretes synovial fluid that prevents friction.

Synovial membrane

Joints (articulations): strong fibrous connective tissue sheath that encloses the joint.

Joint capsule

Joints (articulations): sacs of synovial fluid that permit tendons to slide easily across joints.

Bursae

Joints (articulations): smooth on joint surfaces.

Articular cartilage

Joints (articulations): slightly movable •Symphysis:disc of fibrous cartilage between bones

Amphiarthrosis

Joints (articulations): immovable •Suture: fibrous connective tissue between bone surfaces

Synarthrosis

Joints (articulations): freely movable, all are synovial joints: Ball and socket Hinge Condyloid Pivot Gliding Saddle

Diarthrosis

classified according to amount of movement permitted

Joints (articulations)

Rib cage: Sternum

Manubrium Body Xiphoid process

Rib Cage

the sternum and 12 pairs of ribs (Costal cartilage is rib cartilage.)

Bones of the Hip and Leg:

Patella Tibia Fibula Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges

Bones of the shoulder and arm:

Clavicle Scapula—glenoid fossa Humerus Radius Ulna Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges

Bones of the Hip and Leg: • Deep depression that articulates with femur

Acetabulum

Bones of the Hip and Leg: Pubis

Anterior medial portion

Bones of the Hip and Leg: Ischium

Lower posterior portion

Bones of the Hip and Leg: Ilium

Flared upper portion

Bones of the Hip and Leg: Parts of pelvic

Ilium Ischium Pubis

Bones of the Hip and Leg: Pelvic bone has

two hipbones, each with three major parts:

Rib cage: First seven ribs articulate directly with sternum by means of costal cartilage

True ribs

Rib cage: Next three pairs articulate with 7th costal cartilage

False ribs

Rib cage: Last two pair do not articulate with sternum

Floating ribs

discs of fibrous cartilage separate the bodies of adjacent vertebrae

Vertebral Column

Vertebral Column: (5)-foot; phalanges (14) —toes

Metatarsals

Vertebral Column: two hipbones; ilium, ischium, pubis; acetabulum articulates with femur.

Pelvic bone

Vertebral Column: thigh; articulates with pelvic bone and tibia (knee).

Femur

Vertebral Column: kneecap; in tendon of quadriceps femoris muscle.

Patella

Vertebral Column: -lower leg: tibia bears weight; fibula does not bear weight, but does anchor muscles and stabilizes ankle.

Tibia and fibula

Vertebral Column: (7)-ankle; calcaneus is heel bone.

Tarsals

bones of the arms and legs and the shoulders and pelvic girdles.

Appendicular

shoulder muscles are attached; glenoid fossa articulates with humerus.

Scapula

(8)—wrist; metacarpals (5)-hand; phalanges (14)-fingers

Carpals

braces the scapula.

Clavice

upper arm; articulates with the scapula and the ulna (elbow).

Humerus

articulate with one another and with carpals.

Radius and una-forearm

skull, vertebrae, rib cage.

Axial

Eight cranial bones form the braincase, which also protects the eyes and ears; 14 facial bones make up the face, the immovable joints between these bones are called sutures.

Cranial bones

are air cavities in the maxillae, frontal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones, they lighten the skull and provide resonance for voice

Paranasal sinuses

- Three auditory bones in each middle ear cavity transmit

vibrations for hearing.