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Fund. of Nursing > Chapter 6 Davis > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Davis Flashcards

1
Q

Name the tissues that make up the skeletal system.

A

The skeletal system is made of bone tissue (the bones), cartilage (at joints), and fibrous connective tissue (the ligaments and the periosteum).

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2
Q

Do you remember the formal name for
bone cells?

A

The formal name for bone cells is osteocytes.

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3
Q

Functions of the Skeleton:

A
  1. Provides a framework
  2. Protects
  3. Contains red bone marrow
  4. Stores calcium
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4
Q

Name some Long bones in each of these categories.

A

femur, humerus, finger and toe bones

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5
Q

Name some short bones in each of these categories.

A

wrist and ankle bones

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6
Q

Name some Flat bones in each of these categories.

A

hip bones, ribs, cranial bones

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7
Q

Name some Irregular bones in each of these categories.

A

facial bones, vertebrae

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8
Q

ossification of the fetal skeleton begins in the third month of gestation

A

Embryonic Growth of Bone

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9
Q

first made of fibrous connective tissue; replacement by bone matrix radiates from a center of ossification in each bone.

A

Cranial and facial bones

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10
Q

All other bones are

A

first made of cartilage.

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11
Q

first center of ossification is in the diaphysis; later centers in the epiphyses.

A

Long bones

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12
Q

the site of growth after birth

A

Epiphyseal disc

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13
Q

206 bones connected by ligaments

A

The Skeleton

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14
Q

the skull, vertebrae, and rib cage

A

Axial skeleton

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15
Q

the bones of the arms and legs and the shoulder and pelvic girdles

A

Appendicular skeleton

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16
Q

Name the auditory bones.

A

The three auditory bones are the malleus, incus, and stapes (also called the hammer, anvil, and stirrup).

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17
Q

discs of fibrous cartilage separate the bodies of adjacent vertebrae

A

Vertebral Column

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18
Q

the sternum and 12 pairs of ribs (Costal cartilage is rib cartilage.)

A

Rib Cage

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19
Q

Name the parts of the skeletal system described.

Osteoclasts

A

Reabsorb bone matrix

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20
Q

Produce bone matrix

A

osteoblasts

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21
Q

The most movable type of joint

A

ball and socket

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22
Q

Bone that contains the ear receptors

A

temporal

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23
Q

Permit compression of infant skull at birth

A

fontanels

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24
Q

The frontal bone-sphenoid joint

A

suture

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25
Q

Connect bone to bone

A

ligaments

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26
Q

Produces fluid in diarthroses

A

synovial membrane

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27
Q

Bone Tissue:

are found in the matrix of calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, and collagen.

A

Osteocytes (cells)

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28
Q

Bone Tissue:

haversian systems are present.

A

Compact bone

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29
Q

Bone Tissue:

no haversian systems; red bone marrow present.

A

Spongy bone

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30
Q

Bone Tissue:

smooth, on joint surfaces.

A

Articular cartilage

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31
Q

Bone Tissue:

fibrous connective tissue membrane; anchors tendons and ligaments; has blood vessels that enter the bone.

A

Periosteum

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32
Q

Classification of bones:

vertebrae, facial bones (spongy bone covered with compact bone).

A

Irregular bones

33
Q

Classification of bones:

ribs, pelvic bone, cranial bones (spongy bone covered with compact bone).

A

Flat bones

34
Q

Classification of bones:

wrists, ankles (spongy bone covered with compact bone).

A

Short bones

35
Q

Classification of bones:

arms, legs; shaft is the diaphysis (compact bone) with a marrow cavity containing yellow bone marrow (fat); ends are epiphyses (spongy bone)

A

Long bones

36
Q

Embryonic Growth of Bone:

produce bone matrix in a center of ossification in each bone; bone growth radiates outward

A

osteoblasts

37
Q

Embryonic Growth of Bone:

remain at birth to permit compression of the infant skull during birth; are calcified by age 2

A

fontanels

38
Q

Embryonic Growth of Bone:

Cartilage is produced on the,

A

epiphysis side

39
Q

Embryonic Growth of Bone:

bone replaces cartilage on the

A

diaphysis side.

40
Q

Embryonic Growth of Bone:

form the marrow cavity by reabsorbing bone matrix in the center of the diaphysis

A

Osteoclasts

41
Q

Joints (articulations):

lines the joint capsule; secretes synovial fluid that prevents friction.

A

Synovial membrane

42
Q

Joints (articulations):

strong fibrous connective tissue sheath that encloses the joint.

A

Joint capsule

43
Q

Joints (articulations):

sacs of synovial fluid that permit tendons to slide easily across joints.

A

Bursae

44
Q

Joints (articulations):

smooth on joint surfaces.

A

Articular cartilage

45
Q

Joints (articulations):

slightly movable

•Symphysis:disc of fibrous cartilage between bones

A

Amphiarthrosis

46
Q

Joints (articulations):

immovable

•Suture: fibrous connective tissue between bone surfaces

A

Synarthrosis

47
Q

Joints (articulations):

freely movable, all are synovial joints:

Ball and socket
Hinge
Condyloid
Pivot
Gliding
Saddle

A

Diarthrosis

48
Q

classified according to amount of movement permitted

A

Joints (articulations)

49
Q

Rib cage:

Sternum

A

Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid process

50
Q

Rib Cage

A

the sternum and 12 pairs of ribs (Costal cartilage is rib cartilage.)

51
Q

Bones of the Hip and Leg:

A

Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges

52
Q

Bones of the shoulder and arm:

A

Clavicle
Scapula—glenoid fossa
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges

53
Q

Bones of the Hip and Leg:

• Deep depression that articulates with femur

A

Acetabulum

54
Q

Bones of the Hip and Leg:

Pubis

A

Anterior medial portion

55
Q

Bones of the Hip and Leg:

Ischium

A

Lower posterior portion

56
Q

Bones of the Hip and Leg:

Ilium

A

Flared upper portion

57
Q

Bones of the Hip and Leg:

Parts of pelvic

A

Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

58
Q

Bones of the Hip and Leg:

Pelvic bone has

A

two hipbones, each with three major parts:

59
Q

Rib cage:

First seven ribs articulate directly with sternum by means of costal cartilage

A

True ribs

60
Q

Rib cage:

Next three pairs articulate with 7th costal cartilage

A

False ribs

61
Q

Rib cage:

Last two pair do not articulate with sternum

A

Floating ribs

62
Q

discs of fibrous cartilage separate the bodies of adjacent vertebrae

A

Vertebral Column

63
Q

Vertebral Column:

(5)-foot; phalanges (14) —toes

A

Metatarsals

64
Q

Vertebral Column:

two hipbones; ilium, ischium, pubis;
acetabulum articulates with femur.

A

Pelvic bone

65
Q

Vertebral Column:

thigh; articulates with pelvic bone and tibia (knee).

A

Femur

66
Q

Vertebral Column:

kneecap; in tendon of quadriceps femoris muscle.

A

Patella

67
Q

Vertebral Column:

-lower leg: tibia bears weight; fibula does not bear weight, but does anchor muscles and stabilizes ankle.

A

Tibia and fibula

68
Q

Vertebral Column:

(7)-ankle; calcaneus is heel bone.

A

Tarsals

69
Q

bones of the arms and legs and the shoulders and pelvic girdles.

A

Appendicular

70
Q

shoulder muscles are attached; glenoid fossa articulates with humerus.

A

Scapula

71
Q

(8)—wrist; metacarpals (5)-hand; phalanges (14)-fingers

A

Carpals

72
Q

braces the scapula.

A

Clavice

73
Q

upper arm; articulates with the scapula
and the ulna (elbow).

A

Humerus

74
Q

articulate with one another and with carpals.

A

Radius and una-forearm

75
Q

skull, vertebrae, rib cage.

A

Axial

76
Q

Eight cranial bones form the braincase, which also protects the eyes and ears; 14 facial bones make up the face, the immovable joints between these bones are called sutures.

A

Cranial bones

77
Q

are air cavities in the maxillae, frontal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones, they lighten the skull and provide resonance for voice

A

Paranasal sinuses

78
Q
  • Three auditory bones in each middle ear cavity transmit
A

vibrations for hearing.

Fund. of Nursing (5 decks)

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