Chapter 6 - Disturbances in Circulation

Question 1

Edema AKA Dropsy definition?

Answer 1

Abnormal accumulation of fluids in tissue or body cavities due to shift of fluid from vascular space into another compartment.

Question 2

The Etiology of Edema?

Answer 2

Increased Permiability of capillary walls
Increased permeability of capillary blood pressure
Inflammatory conditions
Low blood plasma osmotic pressure
Fluid and electrolyte imbalance

Question 3

Anasarca

Answer 3

Generalized massive edema in subcutaneous tissue

Question 4

Ascites

Answer 4

Fluid in the abdominal cavity

Question 5

Fluid in any sacculated cavity in the body, especially the tunica vaginalis?

Answer 5

Hydrocele

Question 6

Hyperemia

Answer 6

Excess of BLOOD in an area of the body

Question 7

Congestion

Answer 7

Accumulation of BLOOD OR TISSUE FLUID in a body part

Question 8

The dilation of arteries and increased arterial blood supply to an organ or tissue

Answer 8

Active Hyperemia

Question 9

Physiological Hyperemia

Answer 9

Has to do with metabolic activity

Question 10

Pathological Hyperemia

Answer 10

Acute inflammation or sunburned skin

Question 11

Engorgement of organ or tissue due to inadequate venous drainage

Answer 11

Passive Hyperemia

Question 12

Reduce in arterial supply to a tissue or body part

Answer 12

Ischemia

Question 13

Causes of Ischemia

Answer 13

Arterial Obstruction 
Venous Obstruction 
Vasoconstriction 
External Pressure 
Heart Failure

Question 14

How do you get Vasoconstriction ?

Answer 14

Due to abnormal function of nervous system

Question 15

What are the effects of Ischemia?

Answer 15

Necrosis
Pain
Atrophy
Ischemic heart disease

Question 16

The definition of Infarction (Ischemic Necrosis)

Answer 16

The formation of an area of necrosis i na tissue caused by obstruction in the artery supplying the area.

Question 17

The formation or presence of an attached blood clot?

Answer 17

Thrombosis

Question 18

Etiology of Thrombosis?

Answer 18

Injury of blood vessel
Reduced rate of blood flow
Alterations in blood composition
Blood diseases

Question 19

The types of Thrombosis?

Answer 19

Partial
Obstructive
Septic - Most Dangerous
Aseptic

Question 20

What are the location of Thrombosis?

Answer 20

Blood Vessels

Heart

Question 21

What is Canalization?

Answer 21

Formation of new blood capillaries to bypass the thrombus

Question 22

Do Tiny Thrombi resolve on their own?

Answer 22

Yes

Question 23

The resolution in Thrombi?

Answer 23

Small thrombi dissolve not causing further damage

Question 24

The calcification of Thrombi?

Answer 24

Mineral salts accumulate around thrombi; may become obstructive

Question 25

What does the fragmentation of thrombi do?

Answer 25

Pieces of thrombus dislodge and move through the bloodstream

Question 26

How does Septic Softening work?

Answer 26

Fragments move through bloodstream

Question 27

Ischemia Thrombosis

Answer 27

Reduction in arterial blood supply

Question 28

Thrombosis Infarction?

Answer 28

Tissue necrosis due to obstruction in arterial blood supplying to the area

Question 29

Passive Hyperemia?

Answer 29

Abnormal venous drainage

Question 30

What is an Embolism?

Answer 30

Obstruction of a blood vessel by free floating object in the bloodstream

Question 31

The types of Embolisms?

Answer 31

``` Fragments of thrombi Clumps of bacteria Fragmented tumor cells Animal Parasites Fat Gas Foreign Bodies ```

Question 32

The consequences of Embolism??

Answer 32

``` Ischemia Infarction Gangrene Spread of infection Spread of tumor cells Necrosis ```

Question 33

What is a Hemorrhage?

Answer 33

Escape of blood from blood vascular system

Question 34

Etiology of Hemorrhages?

Answer 34

Trauma Vascular Diseases Hypertension Blood Diseases

Question 35

Types of Hemorrhages?

Answer 35

Petechiae Ecchymosis Hematoma

Question 36

What is a Hematoma?

Answer 36

Large collection of blood usually due to trauma

Question 37

What is an Ecchymosis?

Answer 37

Small, non elevated hemorrhagic patch

Question 38

What is Petechiae?

Answer 38

Antemortem, pinpoint, extravascular blood discoloration visible as purplish hemorrhages of the skin

Question 39

Bleeding from the nose?

Answer 39

Epistaxis

Question 40

Blood coming from the Sputum?

Answer 40

Hemoptysis

Question 41

Vomiting Blood?

Answer 41

Hematemesis

Question 42

Bleeding in the Pericardial Cavity?

Answer 42

Hemopericardium

Question 43

What is Hemothorax?

Answer 43

Blood in the thoracic cavity

Question 44

Blood in the abdominal cavity?

Answer 44

Hemoperitoneum

Question 45

Blood in the stool

Answer 45

Melena

Question 46

Discharge of red blood cells in urine?

Answer 46

Hematuria

Question 47

Loss of blood to the point where life can no longer be sustained?

Answer 47

Exsanguination

Question 48

Condition in which the circulatory system is unable to provide adequate blood supply to the body tissues?

Answer 48

Shock

Question 49

Shock Etiology?

Answer 49

``` Heat, cold, burns Radiation Severe hemorrhage Allergic Reaction Myocardial Infarction Trauma with soft tissue damage ```

Question 50

What are the effects of Shock?

Answer 50

``` Blood lost from circulation Blood volume in blood vessels Less flow in blood vessels Less blood to the heart Less blood to body tissues Severe tissue damage ```

Question 51

Types of Shock?

Answer 51

Cardiogenic Hypovolemic Septic shock

Question 52

What are the symptoms of Shock?

Answer 52

Low Blood Pressure Low Body temp Shallow but rapid breathing Heavy Perspiration

Question 53

What is Dehydration?

Answer 53

Loss of moisture from body tissue which may occur antemortem or postmortem

Question 54

Etiology of Dehydration?

Answer 54

``` Hemorrhage Fever Diabetes Mellitus Kidney or Adrenal disease Metabolic disorders Diarrhea or vomiting ```

Question 55

Consequences of Dehydration?

Answer 55

``` Nervous System Respiration Dry Skin Opaque sticky organ surfaces Vascular collapse Brain heart and kidney damage ```

Question 56

Plethora?

Answer 56

Increased in total blood volume

Question 57

Etiology of Plethora?

Answer 57

Excess blood

Question 58

Consequences of Plethora?

Answer 58

Headache and Dizziness Vomiting Heart and kidney damage

Question 59

Diminished Circulation?

Answer 59

May lead to syncope ( Cessation of circulation)

Question 60

What does the prefix En mean?

Answer 60

Means in

Question 61

What is Encephalitis?

Answer 61

Inflammation of the brain

Question 62

What prefix means Within?

Answer 62

Endo

Question 63

What is Endocarditis?

Answer 63

Inflammation of the endocardium, or lining of the heart

Question 64

Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the cervix

Answer 64

Endocerviticitis

Question 65

The ectopic occurrence of endometrial tissue or its diffuse implantation

Answer 65

Endometriosis

Question 66

What is a Endogenous Infection?

Answer 66

Produced or arising from within a cell or organism

Question 67

Endospores?

Answer 67

Thick- walled spore with a bacterium

Question 68

A bacterial toxin confined within the body of a bacterium freed only when the bacterium is broken down, Gram negative bacteria

Answer 68

Endotoxin

Question 69

Inflammation of the Intestines?

Answer 69

Enteritis

Question 70

What is the prefix of Intestine?

Answer 70

Entero

Question 71

What does Epi mean?

Answer 71

Prefix meaning upon

Question 72

A disease higher than normal numbers?

Answer 72

Epidemic

Question 73

What is Epilepsy?

Answer 73

A chronic neurogenic disease marked by sudden alterations in consciousness and convulsions

Question 74

Bleeding from the nose?

Answer 74

Epistaxis

Question 75

Suffix meaning Sensation

Answer 75

Esthesia

Question 76

The prefix that means Out Of

Answer 76

EX

Question 77

A toxin produced by a microorganism and excreted into its surrounding medium

Answer 77

Exotoxin

Question 78

Loss of blood to the point where life can no longer be sustained?

Answer 78

Exsanguination