Chapter 6 - Endocrine System Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Chapter 6 - Endocrine System Deck (30)
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1
Q

Lipolysis

A

The breakdown and utilization of fat for energy.

2
Q

Enzyme

A

A substance in the body that causes a specific reaction or change.

3
Q

Glands

A

Cells that release substances into the bloodstream (such as hormones) or other surface of the body.

4
Q

Hormone

A

Chemical messenger released from a gland that travels to cells to activate a specific function.

5
Q

Target (receptor) cell

A

Cell that receives a message from a hormone or enzyme. Target cells exert an action after being stimulated or activated.

6
Q

What does the endocrine system do?

A

It basically regulates multiple bodily functions to stabilize the body’s internal environment.

(It is like the thermostat of a room, regulating its temperature)

7
Q

Hypothalamus

A

A gland located in the brain that communicates with the pituitary gland.

8
Q

What are the three different sections of the pituitary gland?

A

The pituitary has three different sections or lobes—the anterior, intermediate, and posterior lobe

9
Q

Pineal Gland

A

A small gland in the brain that secretes the hormone melatonin, which helps regulate sleep cycles.

10
Q

Pancreas

A

An organ with numerous functions, including the production of insulin, glucagon, and digestive juices.

11
Q

Thyroid Gland

A

An endocrine gland, located in the anterior neck, responsible for the secretion of many hormones, including thyroxin and calcitonin

12
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

An endocrine gland that controls the secretion of many hormones, including growth hormone.

13
Q

Adrenal Gland

A

A gland, located just above the kidneys, responsible for the secretion of catecholamines and cortisol.

14
Q

Reproductive Glands

A

Glands, such as the ovaries or testes, that serve sex-specific functions.

15
Q

Insulin

A

A hormone secreted by the pancreas that is responsible for glucose metabolism.

16
Q

Glucagon

A

A hormone secreted by the pancreas that regulates blood glucose and functions opposite to insulin.

17
Q

Substrates

A

Intermediate forms of nutrients used in metabolic reactions to create adenosine triphosphate.

18
Q

Glycogen

A

Glucose that is deposited and stored in bodily tissues, such as the liver and muscle cells; the storage form of carbohydrate.

19
Q

Growth Hormone

A

An anabolic hormone produced by the pituitary gland that is responsible for growth and development.

20
Q

Catecholamines

A

Hormones produced by the adrenal glands that are part of the stress response known as the fight-or-flight response.

21
Q

Catecholamines

A

Hormones produced by the adrenal glands that are part of the stress response known as the fight-or-flight response.

22
Q

Catabolic

A

Metabolic process that breaks down molecules into smaller units used for energy

23
Q

Gluconeogenesis

A

The formation of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources (proteins and fats).

24
Q

Overtraining

A

Excessive frequency, volume, or intensity of training, resulting in reduction of performance, which is also caused by a lack of proper rest and recovery.

25
Q

Testosterone

A

A hormone producing secondary male sex characteristics.

26
Q

Anabolic

A

Metabolic process that synthesizes smaller molecules into larger units used for building and repairing tissues.

27
Q

Insulin-like growth factors (IGF)

A

Anabolic hormone produced by the liver, which is responsible for growth and development.

28
Q

Basal metabolic rate (BMR)

A

The amount of energy required to maintain the body at rest.

29
Q

Calcitonin

A

Thyroid hormone that helps the body use calcium properly to aid with maintaining bone mineral density.

30
Q

Glucose Intolerance

A

A condition that results in elevated blood glucose levels.