Chapter 6 Foundations

Question 1

The function of a foundation is to transfer a buildings weight

Answer 1

To the ground

Question 2

Soil properties influence what

Answer 2

The type of foundation and the type of building

Question 3

Bedrock is able to __________ than sandy clay

Answer 3

Support significantly more weight

Question 4

The ___________ at a site must be known before a buildings supports can be planned

Answer 4

Soil properties

Question 5

Soil assessment measures the soil qualities and what other important factors

Answer 5

Water table and frost line

Question 6

Two strategies used to assess soil are

Answer 6

Test pits and test Borings

Question 7

Test boring are used when

Answer 7

Test pit may not reach deep enough

Question 8

A shallow foundation transfers the weight of the building to the

Answer 8

Soil at the base of the building

Question 9

Shallow footings are usually reinforced by

Answer 9

Footings

Question 10

Footings transmit buildings loads to the

Answer 10

Soil in a limited amount of space

Question 11

What is monolithic floor

Answer 11

Increased thickness of a floor slab at its edges

Question 12

Wall footing is

Answer 12

Continues strip of concrete that supports a wall, equals the full length of the wall

Question 13

Column footings are

Answer 13

A square pad of concrete that supports a column

Question 14

Parallel structural beams often steel arranged in multiple layers at right angles to each other that are usually encased in concrete is called what

Answer 14

Grillage footings

Question 15

Mat slab foundation is

Answer 15

Thick slab beneath the entire area of the building ( may be several feet thick and reinforced

Question 16

The weight of the soil removed is equal to the weight of the building is called

Answer 16

Floating foundations

Question 17

Deep foundations take the form of ________or ________ that penetrate the layers of soil directly under a building reaching soil or rock that will support the building

Answer 17

Piles and piers

Question 18

Deep foundation type that uses beams used to support the loads

Answer 18

Piles

Question 19

Deep foundation type that uses beams mounted on concrete wedges

Answer 19

Pier

Question 20

On a steep slope piles or piers are driven into bedrock, and the vertical elements are connected with a what to resist the lateral force of the building

Answer 20

Tie beams

Question 21

When a pier is designed with a footing it is know as

Answer 21

Belled pier

Question 22

Piers are sometimes referred to what

Answer 22

Caisson it’s a protective sleeve used to keep water out of an excavation for a pier

Question 23

________ connect to the foundation and footer and encase a basement

Answer 23

Foundation walls

Question 24

Materials most commonly used for foundation walls

Answer 24

Concrete and mason art secured with mortar

Question 25

Any vertical or horizontal misalignment along the length of a crack in a foundation wall indicates

Answer 25

Movement of a shift in the structure

Question 26

Stone basements are usually found in

Answer 26

Older buildings

Question 27

Hollow EPS blocks can be filled with concrete to create what

Answer 27

Insulated concrete form Construction (ICF)

Question 28

Settlement of foundations is the most frequent type of

Answer 28

Building movement

Question 29

What are the types of building settling

Answer 29

Settlement - downward movement Heaving - upward movement Lateral Displacement - outward movement

Question 30

Altered load patterns may hasten structural collapse under

Answer 30

Fire conditions

Question 31

A settling or uneven foundation can cause structural instability all the way up to

Answer 31

Roof level

Question 32

Settlement of a foundation can either be

Answer 32

Uniform settles at the same rate Differential can result to significant misalignment of structural members

Question 33

Differential settlement produces distortion between what

Answer 33

Building components

Question 34

This is frequently necessary to support the structure until underpinning can be put into place

Answer 34

Shoring

Question 35

What’s is shoring

Answer 35

General term used for lengths of timber , shore jacks, hydraulic and pneumatic jacks as a temporary support to framework

Question 36

What is underpinning

Answer 36

The use of permanent supports to strength and existing foundation