Chapter 6 Foundations Flashcards

(36 cards)

1
Q

The function of a foundation is to transfer a buildings weight

A

To the ground

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2
Q

Soil properties influence what

A

The type of foundation and the type of building

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3
Q

Bedrock is able to __________ than sandy clay

A

Support significantly more weight

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4
Q

The ___________ at a site must be known before a buildings supports can be planned

A

Soil properties

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5
Q

Soil assessment measures the soil qualities and what other important factors

A

Water table and frost line

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6
Q

Two strategies used to assess soil are

A

Test pits and test Borings

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7
Q

Test boring are used when

A

Test pit may not reach deep enough

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8
Q

A shallow foundation transfers the weight of the building to the

A

Soil at the base of the building

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9
Q

Shallow footings are usually reinforced by

A

Footings

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10
Q

Footings transmit buildings loads to the

A

Soil in a limited amount of space

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11
Q

What is monolithic floor

A

Increased thickness of a floor slab at its edges

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12
Q

Wall footing is

A

Continues strip of concrete that supports a wall, equals the full length of the wall

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13
Q

Column footings are

A

A square pad of concrete that supports a column

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14
Q

Parallel structural beams often steel arranged in multiple layers at right angles to each other that are usually encased in concrete is called what

A

Grillage footings

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15
Q

Mat slab foundation is

A

Thick slab beneath the entire area of the building ( may be several feet thick and reinforced

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16
Q

The weight of the soil removed is equal to the weight of the building is called

A

Floating foundations

17
Q

Deep foundations take the form of ________or ________ that penetrate the layers of soil directly under a building reaching soil or rock that will support the building

A

Piles and piers

18
Q

Deep foundation type that uses beams used to support the loads

19
Q

Deep foundation type that uses beams mounted on concrete wedges

20
Q

On a steep slope piles or piers are driven into bedrock, and the vertical elements are connected with a what to resist the lateral force of the building

21
Q

When a pier is designed with a footing it is know as

22
Q

Piers are sometimes referred to what

A

Caisson it’s a protective sleeve used to keep water out of an excavation for a pier

23
Q

________ connect to the foundation and footer and encase a basement

A

Foundation walls

24
Q

Materials most commonly used for foundation walls

A

Concrete and mason art secured with mortar

25
Any vertical or horizontal misalignment along the length of a crack in a foundation wall indicates
Movement of a shift in the structure
26
Stone basements are usually found in
Older buildings
27
Hollow EPS blocks can be filled with concrete to create what
Insulated concrete form Construction (ICF)
28
Settlement of foundations is the most frequent type of
Building movement
29
What are the types of building settling
Settlement - downward movement Heaving - upward movement Lateral Displacement - outward movement
30
Altered load patterns may hasten structural collapse under
Fire conditions
31
A settling or uneven foundation can cause structural instability all the way up to
Roof level
32
Settlement of a foundation can either be
Uniform settles at the same rate Differential can result to significant misalignment of structural members
33
Differential settlement produces distortion between what
Building components
34
This is frequently necessary to support the structure until underpinning can be put into place
Shoring
35
What’s is shoring
General term used for lengths of timber , shore jacks, hydraulic and pneumatic jacks as a temporary support to framework
36
What is underpinning
The use of permanent supports to strength and existing foundation