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Building Construction > Chapter 7 Wood Construction > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Wood Construction Flashcards

(89 cards)

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1
Q

Types of wood used in construction are typically __________ including

A

Soft woods

Pine
Fir
Spruce

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2
Q

Intrinsic defects of wood include

A 
Knot 
Knotholes
Decay
Splits 
Warping
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3
Q

Solid lumber includes

A

Dimensional lumber , boards , Timbers

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4
Q

What is dimensional lumber

A

Lumber with standard nominal measurements fore use of construction

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5
Q

Dimensional lumber is available in what lengths

A

8 to 24 feet

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6
Q

What is nominal dimension lumber

A

Actual dimensions of processed lumber do not match the nominal dimensions within defined parameters

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7
Q

What’s the difference between nominal lumber and dimensional

A

The process of cutting a log into a rough lumber , smoothing it , shrinkage while drying

Dimensions of a piece of lumber will reduce in size to standard size in the finishing process

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8
Q

Solid wood has a useful to stem strength comparable to some types of ______ basis of strength to unit weight

A

Steel

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9
Q

What in wood greatly reduces its strength

A

Defects in wood

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10
Q

Tensile strength of wood is considered

A

About 700 psi

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11
Q

_________ is a significant factor In wood strength, as this leaves wood after the tree is cut the wood begins to shrink in size and increase in strength

A

Moisture content

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12
Q

Structural lumber has what moisture content

A

19%

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13
Q

Moisture is expressed in the tens of

A

Specific gravity

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14
Q

Wood is stronger _______ to the grain than against the grain

A

Parallel

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15
Q

What’s the allowable compressive strength parallel to the grain is from

A

325 to 1700 psi

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16
Q

When loaded in the direction of the grain wood strength is comparable to

A

Steel

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17
Q

Components are produced from a combination of wood particles and a bonding agent

A

Engineered wood

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18
Q

Engineered wood products provide the advantage of

A

Strength and cost efficiency

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19
Q

The disadvantage of engineered wood products include

A

Quick and unpredictable failure under fire conditions

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20
Q

What is grain

A

Direction of growth of a tree

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21
Q

Construction using only engineering materials is called

A

Engineered structural system

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22
Q

Material made of wood strips and resin shaped and bonded with heat and pressure

A

Laminated wood

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23
Q

Wooden structural members composed of many relatively short pieces of lumber glued together and pressure to form a extremely long strong beam

A

Glue laminated beam

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24
Q

Easy to produce but can not be used where tensile stresses will be transmitted along the length of the beam

A

Butt joint

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25
Scarf or finger joints can be used to transmit
Tensile stresses
26
Thickness , depths , lengths of finished beams
Thickness - 3/4 to 2 inches Depths - 3-75 inches Lengths - up to 100 ft
27
Laminated components may have comparable structural integrity to solid wood components under fire conditions when
Protected
28
Glulam beams are used frequently in
Heaven timber construction where greater lengths are required
29
Laminated veneer lumber used sheets of veneer peeled from the
Outer portion of the log
30
LVL is used in I joist and beams sections that are
1 3/4 to 3 1/2 inches thick
31
Parallel strand lumber produced in standard size ranges of
2 to 8 ft
32
Laminated strand lumber is made of long strands of wood up to _________ in lengths and are typically used for _______ beams and columns
12 inches Short span beams and columns
33
Thermoplastic composite lumber is wood like product made of what, and is not intended to be used in ________ flog a building
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Polyethylene Not intended to be structure framing
34
Thermoplastic composite lumber is primarily used in
Outside decks and railing because of the resistance to weather
35
What is the flame spread of thermal plastic composite lumber
Flame spread is 80 and fire conditions will melt like plastic and burn black smoke , sooty unlike wood
36
Nonveenered components of panels should not be trusted to maintain _________ if exposed to fire conditions
Structural integrity
37
Plywood is produced in standard sheets of what size and the direction of the grain is aligned at _______ angles of each other
4ft by 8ft Right angles
38
Plywood panels are used mainly for
Structural purposes including sheathing over a wood frame building
39
_________ panels are made of engineered wood formed into sheets using resin, heat, pressure they are what type of boards
Nonveenered panels Oriented strand board Particle board Waferboard
40
Uses long strand like wood particles compressed and glued into 3-5 layers, strands are presented in the same direction in each layer
Oriented strand board
41
Not generally used for structural applications although is may be used in lateral force testifying diaphragms May be single or multi layer
Particle board
42
What board is similar to particle board but uses wafer like pieces of wood
Waferboard
43
SIPs are are as stable as the _________ for structural collapse
The glues that hold them together
44
Serve several functions including insulation and structural support
Composite panels
45
One type of composite panel consists of outer wood panels (osb) with a plastic foam core between the panels, the foam between is usually polyurethane
Structural insulated panels (SIPs)
46
Polyurethane increase fire resistants compared to
Polystyrene
47
SIPs can be used to increase energy efficiency and the inner core can be up to 1 ft thick for large ____________
R values
48
What’s is R value
A measure of the ability of a material to insulate, used in structural engineering and construction , with higher R value are more effective
49
This prevents rapid speed of fire through concealed spaces within combustible construction
Fire stopping or fire blocking 2 inch nominal lumber Gypsum board
50
The placement of fire stopping is specified in
Codes
51
In platform frame building the _______ installed in the top of the studs provides a fire stop that will block the spread of fire between floors within the walls
Plates installed
52
Ballon frame construction firestoppers must be provided addition to the
Structural members
53
Building codes require _________ i attic spaces with combustible construction
Draftstopping
54
The usual requirement for draftsoppers is for the attic space to be subdivided into areas of
3,000 sqft
55
What is sheathing
Layer of material installed outside of the studs to provide structural stability, insulation, and under layer for siding
56
A layer of _________ between the sheathing and the siding acting as a vapor barrier
Building wrap Modern synthetic wrap has more fire resistant than felt or tar paper
57
Foam insulation is combustible and because flame spreads rapidly over its surface , _______ impose stringent regulations on its use
Building codes - require that the foam insulation include a face of that serves as a thermal barrier such as gypsum board to prevent or slow surface ignition of foam
58
___________ covered with either paper or foil are commonly used to provide insulation in stud spaces
Fiberglass batts
59
__________ is the exterior finish or skin
Cladding
60
___________ insulation are applied as soft foam that hardens after application, treated with flame retardants before application
Solid fill foam
61
What are the two types of solid fill foam insulation
Urea formaldehyde Polyurethane
62
The combustibility of a siding material can affect fire behavior by allowing
Exterior fire travel or ignition due to an exposure fire
63
Overhaul of this product needs to let environmental officials notified per AHJ
Asbestos (commonly used from 1930s til 1970s )
64
A wood frame building provided with an exterior brick or stone is called what
Veneer
65
Veneers must be tied to the wood frame wall at intervals of
16 inches ( veneers add little structural support)
66
Interior walls of wood framed buildings can be left exposed with not interior finishes such as garages and sheds is classified as what
Type V-B ( wood frame , unprotected)
67
Wood frame building including the floor and roof construction is provided with protection to achieve a 1 hour fire resistance is classified as
Type V-A (wood frame , protected)
68
Of a wood frame building is equipped with an automatic sprinkler system codes may permit the elimination of the
1 hour structural fire resistance
69
A code may permit the elimination of structural fire resistance for roof member located more than ________ above the floor level
More than 20 feet
70
________ and ________ are commonly used where a specified degree of fire resistance Is required
Gypsum board Plaster
71
Prefabricated and shipped to the construction site and common materials used
Manufactured components Adhesives Dimensional lumber Metal fasteners Panels
72
Control on variables of wood, lumber can be graded (evaluated) for both
Structural strength and appearance
73
Wood panel products are graded for their structural use and their
Exposure durability
74
One serious and fundamental drawback to wood as a building material is it’s
Combustibility
75
Wood construction has long been known to present a fire hazard because the support system itself
Contributes to the fire load
76
Ignition of wood occurs when an ________ of sufficient intensity is applied to the wood
Ignition source
77
The ignition source such as flame must produce enough heat to raise the temperature of the wood to a point where _______ begins
Pyrolysis
78
What is thermal decomposition of wood and begins at a temperature somewhere below approx 392 Degrees
Pyrolysis
79
The heat of combustion is measured in
British thermal units BTU
80
Relationships between the available surface area of the fuel and the mass of the fuel, used to product the rate of fire consumption of combustible material
Surface to mass ratio
81
What are the 2 methods of fire retardant treatment are
Surface coating Pressure impregnation
82
Charring of wood reduces the formation of _________ in the wood and slows flaming combustion
Volatile Gases
83
Fire retardant treatments reduces
Wood strength allowable stresses must be matched to the values indicated after treatment
84
The fire resistance of heavy timber column and beams has been tested with the standard
Astm e 119
85
Wood framing systems most frequently encounter can be broadly classified into two basic types
Light wood framing Heavy timber framing
86
The exterior wall studs are continuous from foundation to the roof and vertical combustion spaces between the studs provide a channel for the rapid travel of fire between levels
Ballon frame construction
87
Shrinkage in lumber occurs to a greater degree in the cross sectional dimensions than in its
Length
88
Exterior wall vertical studs are not continuous to the second floor and vertical studs are erected and constructed to the floor
Platform framing
89
Platform framing is more prone to shrinkage than
Ballon framing

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