Chapter 6: Inside the atom Flashcards
This model is one of several historical scientific models of the atom. First proposed by J. J. Thomson
Plum pudding model
Rutherford’s atomic model became known as the nuclear model. In the nuclear atom, the protons and neutrons, which comprise nearly all of the mass of the atom, are located in the nucleus at the center of the atom.
Nuclear model
central part of an atom, made up of protons and neutrons; plural = nuclei
Nucleus
Tiny particles found in the nucleus of an atom. Protons have a positive electrical charge and the same mass as a neutron
Proton
tiny particles found in the nucleus of an atom. Neutrons have no electrical charge and the same mass as a proton.
Neutron
extremely light negatively charged particles inside an atom. Electrons orbit the nucleus of an atom.
Electron
atoms with the same atomic number but different mass number.
Isotope
the total number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus
Mass number
the number of protons in the nucleus. Also shows how many electrons are there.
Atomic number
a radioactive form of an isotope
Radioisotope
an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons
Ion
It is the process by which an atom or a molecule acquires a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons,
Ionisation
a positively charged helium nuclei. They cannot travel through materials easily.
Alpha particle
can be positive or negative and are the same size and mass as an electron. They travel near the speed of light and can penetrate human skin.
Beta particle
bursts of energy released after alpha or beta particles emitted. They at the speed of light and are highly penetrating.
Gamma ray
