Chapter 6 - Integumentary

Question 1

What components make up the integumentary system?

Answer 1

The skin, and structures.
Ex: Hair, skin, nails, and sensory receptors

Question 2

What are the two layers of the skin?

Answer 2

1. epithelial
2. connective

Question 3

What are the components of the epidermis?

Answer 3

outer layer of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium consisting of 4-5 distinct layers

Question 3

What are the general characteristics of skin?

Answer 3

epidermis and dermis

Question 4

What are the components of the dermis?

Answer 4

inner layer, (thicker than epidermis) connective tissue with collagenous and elastic fibers, muscles, blood vessels, nervous tissue

Question 5

4 types of cells in the epidermis?

Answer 5

Keratinocytes, melanocytes, Merkel cells, and Langerhans’

Question 6

What structures are found in the dermis?

Answer 6

collagen, fibroblasts, elastic fibers, blood vessels, and sensory structures

Question 7

What is the subcutaneous layer?

Answer 7

Beneath the dermis, insulating layer, contains blood vessels that supply skin, areolar and adipose connective tissue

Question 8

Keratinocytes

Answer 8

The role is to produce keratin, the fibrous protein that helps give the epidermis its protective properties. Dehydrated dead cells

Question 9

What connects keratinocytes together?

Answer 9

Desmosomes

Question 10

Where do keratinocytes arise from?

Answer 10

Keratinocytes arise from the deepest layer called the stratum basale

Question 11

What are the 5 layers of epidermis?

Answer 11

1. stratum comeum
2. stratum lucidum
3. stratum granulosum
4. stratum spinosm
5. stratum basale

Question 12

How do the 5 layers in the epidermis grow?

Answer 12

toward the surface of the skin

Question 13

What is keratin

Answer 13

tough, fibrous waterproof protein made and stored

Question 14

What are the functions of the epidermis?

Answer 14

protects the body from infection, dehydration, and injury

Question 15

What is the dermis papilla?

Answer 15

projections between the epidermal ridges and form fingerprints

Question 16

What are the specialized cells of the epidermis?

Answer 16

Dentritic (Langerhans’), Tactile (Merkel), and Melanocytes

Question 17

What is the function of Dentritic (Langerhans’)?

Answer 17

Protects skin and underlying tissues from infection

Question 18

What is the function of Tactile (Merkel)?

Answer 18

Acts as sensory receptors for light touch

Question 19

What is the function of melanocytes?

Answer 19

Melanin is distributed to keratinocytes to protect from UV radiation

Question 20

What is melanin?

Answer 20

Skin color pigment

Question 21

What are two types of melanin?

Answer 21

1. Eumelanin
2. Pheomelanin

Question 22

What are the factors that influence skin color?

Answer 22

Environmental and Physiological

Question 23

What are the general characteristics of the dermis layer?

Answer 23

Inner tissue layer 1-2mm thick, connective tissue layer containing muscle fibers, and nerve cell processes that bind the epidermis to underlying tissues, contains projections called dermal papillae between epidermal ridges, contains sensory receptors; pressure and touch, dermal blood vessels supply nutrients to all skin cells

Question 24

Describe the papillary layer..

Answer 24

Superficial layer, areolar connective tissue, thinner of the 2 layers. Form fingerprints

Question 25

Describe the reticular..

Answer 25

deeper layer, dense irregular connective tissue, thicker of two layers

Question 26

What are the accessory structures of the skin?

Answer 26

Hair follicles, nails, skin glands (sweat and sebaceous)

Question 27

What are the 5 skin glands?

Answer 27

1. sebaceous 2. merocrine 3. apocrine 4. ceruminous 5. mammary

Question 28

What is the function of the sebaceous gland?

Answer 28

Keeps hair soft, pliable and waterproof

Question 29

What is the function of the merocrine sweat glands?

Answer 29

lower body temperature

Question 30

What is the function of the apocrine glands?

Answer 30

wet skin during pain, fear, emotional upset and sexual arousal

Question 31

What is the function of the ceruminous glands?

Answer 31

secrete ear wax

Question 32

What is the function of the mammary glands?

Answer 32

secrete milk

Question 33

What are the four methods of heat loss of the skin?

Answer 33

1. Radiation 2. Conduction 3. Convection 4. Evaporation

Question 34

What are the functions of the skin?

Answer 34

1. Protective barrier: protects against harmful substances, UV radiation, water loss, microorganisms 2. Sensation: contains sensory receptors for touch, pressure, temperature, changes, pain 3. Excretion: excretes waste/toxins 4. Production of Vit D: helps with calcium absorption 5. Regulates body temperature

Question 35

Heat production and loss is important to regulate body temperature; a slight shift can disrupt what type of reactions?

Answer 35

Metabolic reactions

Question 36

What do Langerhans' cells do?

Answer 36

They are phagocytes that ingest foreign substances and help activate our immune system

Question 37

What are the layers of the epidermis?

Answer 37

Stratum basale (Basal layer), Stratum spinosum (Prickly layer), Stratum granulosum (Granular layer), Stratum lucidum (clear layer), Stratum Corneum (Horney layer)

Question 38

Epidermis is a. the layer in the middle b. the second layer c. the deepest layer d. is the superficial layer

Answer 38

d. the superficial layer

Question 39

Eumelanin: Brownish-black pigment of ______?

Answer 39

epidermis

Question 40

Pheomelanin: Reddish yellow pigment, found in _________?

Answer 40

certain areas

Question 41

Skin color results mainly from melanin pigment called?

Answer 41

Eumelanin: Brownish-black pigment of epidermis Pheomelanin: Reddish yellow pigment, found in certain areas

Question 42

Inherited mutation in melanin genes; and who lack melanin is called?

Answer 42

Albinism

Question 43

What are the two factors that affect skin color?

Answer 43

Environmental and Physiological

Question 44

What is keratinization mean?

Answer 44

dehydration, die-off, protection

Question 45

What are the two layers of the dermis?

Answer 45

Papillary and Reticular

Question 46

What layer of skin is 1 to 2 mm thick and contains sensory receptors that detect "heavy touch"?

Answer 46

Dermis

Question 47

What are accessory structures of the skin?

Answer 47

Hair follicles, Nails, Skin glands (sweat and sebaceous)

Question 48

What are the 3 parts of protective coverings that are found the end of fingers and toes?

Answer 48

1. Nail Plate 2. Nail Bed 3. Nail Matrix

Question 49

Where is the lunula located on a nail?

Answer 49

It is the white half moon shape on the nail

Question 50

What are the 3 types of sweat glands?

Answer 50

1. Eccrine (merocrine) 2. Apocrine sweat glands 3. Specialized sweat glands

Question 51

What is a sebaceous gland?

Answer 51

Produce sebum and is usually associated with the hair follicles

Question 52

What does a hair follicle consist of?

Answer 52

Hair root, Hair bulb, Hair shaft

Question 53

What is a goosebump called?

Answer 53

Arrector pili muscle

Question 54

Hair papilla contains blood vessels to nourish hair. Hair color is determined by the amount of __________?

Answer 54

Melanin

Question 55

When the body temperature rises, it is a form of ________ feedback?

Answer 55

Negative

Question 56

A ________ cut only affects the epidermis?

Answer 56

A shallow cut

Question 57

A ________ cut reaching the dermis or subcutaneous layer results in blood vessels breaking and blood clots are formed?

Answer 57

A deep cut

Question 58

Reddened, Swollen, Warm, or Painful skin is a reactions caused by?

Answer 58

Inflammation

Question 59

Abnormally high body temperature is called?

Answer 59

Hyperthermia

Question 60

Abnormally low body temperature is called?

Answer 60

Hypothermia

Question 61

The region of skin that provides a tough barrier against pathogens and trauma is called?

Answer 61

Epidermis

Question 62

What type of cell junction bands together adjacent cells, making the epidermis stronger?

Answer 62

Desmosomes

Question 63

The most numerous cells of the epidermis are the: a. Melanocytes b. Dendritic c. Merkel d. keratinocytes

Answer 63

Keratinocytes

Question 64

Which of the following is NOT a skin pigment? a. carotene b. hemoglobin c. melanin d. keratin

Answer 64

keratin

Question 65

Exposure to UV radiation causes the skin to darken by increasing the production of: a. collagen b. melanin c. keratin d. hemoglobin

Answer 65

b. melanin

Question 66

What does keratinized cells form?

Answer 66

Hair shaft