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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 6: Integumentary System > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

cutaneous membrane

A
  • the skin
  • ## two layers (epidermis and dermis)
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2
Q

epidermis

A
  • outermost layer
  • stratified squamous epithelial tissue
  • contains no blood vessels
  • obtains oxygen and nutrients by diffusion from the dermal layer beneath it
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3
Q

dermis

A
  • inner, deeper layer
  • composed of connective tissue
  • contains primarily collagen fibers (strengthen), elastin fibers (provide elasticity), and reticular fibers (bind collagen and elastin fibers together)
  • contains many blood vessels
  • also contains sweat glands, sebaceous glands, nerve endings, and hair follicles
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4
Q

papillae

A
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5
Q

hypodermis

A
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6
Q

layers of the epidermis

A
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7
Q

stratum basale

A
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8
Q

keratin

A
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9
Q

stratum corneum

A
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10
Q

keratinocytes

A
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11
Q

melanocytes

A
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12
Q

melanin

A
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13
Q

skin color

A
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14
Q

ultraviolet radiation

A
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15
Q

cyanosis

A
  • blue tint
  • caused by a deficiency of oxygen in circulating blood
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16
Q

jaundice

A
  • yellow discoloration of skin and the whites of the eyes
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17
Q

bronzing

A
  • a golden brown color
  • caused by a deficiency or hormones from the adrenal gland
  • occurs in Addison disease
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18
Q

albinism

A
  • extremely pale skin, white hair, and pink eyes
  • caused by a genetic lack of melanin
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19
Q

erythema

A
  • abnormal redness
  • caused by increased blood flow in dilated blood vessels close to the skin’s surface
  • may result from heat, exercise, sunburn, infection, embarrassment/anger
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20
Q

pallor

A
  • pale skin
  • caused by decreased blood flow
  • can be caused by cold temperatures, fear or emotional stress, low blood pressure, or blood loss
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21
Q

bruise (hematoma)

A
  • bluish, black, or yellowish mark on the skin
  • caused by the breakdown of clotted blood under the skin
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22
Q

functions of the skin

A
  • protection
  • barrier
  • vitamin D production
  • sensory perception
  • thermoregulation
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23
Q

protection

A
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24
Q

barrier

A
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25
Q

vitamin D production

A
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26
Q

sensory perception

A
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27
Q

thermoregulation

A
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28
Q

hair

A
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29
Q

shaft

A
  • part of the hair that extends above the skin’s surface
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30
Q

hair follicle

A
  • a sheath of epidermis that each hair lies within
  • have a rich hair and nerve supply
31
Q

hair bulb (root)

A
  • buried in the dermis
  • lowest part of the hair
  • where growth occurs
32
Q

papilla

A
  • a cluster of connective tissue and blood vessels
  • nourishes each hair
33
Q

arrector pili

A
34
Q

hair color

A
35
Q

hair texture

A
36
Q

hair growth

A
37
Q

hair loss

A
38
Q

alopecia

A
39
Q

male pattern baldness

A
40
Q

nails

A
41
Q

cuticle

A
42
Q

nail body

A
43
Q

lunula

A
44
Q

nail bed

A
45
Q

nail root

A
46
Q

abnormal nail changes

A
  • clubbing
  • cyanosis
  • flattened or concave nail beds
  • dark lines beneath the nail
  • white nails
  • yellowish, thickened, slow growing nails
  • pale nail beds
47
Q

clubbing

A
48
Q

cyanosis

A
49
Q

flattened or concave nail beds

A
50
Q

dark lines beneath the nail

A
51
Q

white nails

A
52
Q

yellowish, thickened, slow-growing nails

A
53
Q

pale nail beds

A
54
Q

glands associated with skin

A
  • sweat glands (eccrine & apocrine)
  • sebaceous glands
  • ceruminous glands
55
Q

eccrine glands

A
  • contain a duct that lead from a secretory portion (a twisted coil in the dermis), through the dermis and epidermis, and onto the skins surface
  • widespread throughout the body
  • especially abundant on the palms, soles, forehead, and upper torso
  • produce sweat
56
Q

apocrine glands

A
  • contain a duct that leads to a hair follicle
57
Q

sebaceous glands

A
58
Q

ceruminous glands

A
59
Q

changes with aging

A
60
Q

sweat

A
61
Q

burns

A
62
Q

first-degree burn

A
  • partial-thickness burn (superficial)
63
Q

second-degree burn

A
  • partial-thickness burn (deep)
64
Q

third-degree burn

A
  • full thickness burn
  • extends through the epidermis and dermis and into the subcutaneous layer
  • may not be initially painful because of the destruction of nerve endings
  • may appear white or black and leathery
  • often requires skin grafts
65
Q

rule of nines

A
  • estimates the amount of body surface area (BSA) affected by a burn
  • divides the body into areas of 9%
  • not accurate in infants and children
66
Q

skin cancer

A
67
Q

acne

A
68
Q

dermatitis

A
69
Q

eczema

A
70
Q

impetigo

A
71
Q

psoriasis

A
72
Q

tinea

A
73
Q

urticaria

A

Anatomy & Physiology (20 decks)

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