Chapter 6 ( learn and memorize )

Question 1

4 types of cartilage

Answer 1

perichondrium , hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage

Question 2

perichondrium

Answer 2

dense layer of tissue that surrounds cartilage, helps resist outward expansion

Question 3

Three cells that make up cartilage

Answer 3

Chondroblasts, chondrocytes, lacunae

Question 4

hyaline cartilage

Answer 4

For support and stability, most abundant youll find them in joints

Question 5

elastic

Answer 5

Stretchier and flexibile, in ear

Question 6

Fibrocartilage

Answer 6

Pads between vertebrae that are shock absorbers

Question 7

Chondroblasts

Answer 7

cartilage forming cells

Question 8

chondrocytes

Answer 8

Cells that secrete cartilage.

Question 9

Cartilage growth names (2)

Answer 9

Appositional, interstitial

Question 10

Appositional

Answer 10

placed side to side, External surface

Question 11

interstitial

Answer 11

Is mitosis, pertaining to spaces between cells in a tissue or organ

Question 12

Functions of bone

Answer 12

support, protection, movement, mineral and growth factor storage, blood cell formation, triglyceride, hormone production

Question 13

how many named bones are there

Answer 13

206

Question 14

axial skeleton

Answer 14

Portion of the skeletal system that consists of the skull, rib cage, and vertebral column

Question 15

Appendicular Skeleton

Answer 15

Bones of the shoulder, pelvis, and upper and lower extremities

Question 16

Compact vs spongy

Answer 16

Spongy bone is a mesh of bony spines called trabeculae and compact bone looks smooth and is solid

Question 17

Structures of short, irregular and flat bones

Answer 17

Diploe, periosteum , bone marrow scattered, hyaline on joint surfaces

Question 18

Diploe

Answer 18

Thin plates, spongy layer between internal layer and external layer

Question 19

Periosteum

Answer 19

Double-layered connective tissue that covers and nourishes the bone.

Question 20

Bone marrow scattered

Answer 20

hyaline on joint surfaces

Question 21

Hyaline on joint surfaces

Answer 21

Stops bone from grinding onto other bones, allows for gliding

Question 22

Bone marrow scattered

Answer 22

When the red or yellow bone marrow is dispered all around the spongy bone

Question 23

Structure of Long Bones

Answer 23

Diaphysis, Epiphysis, Epiphyseal line ( or plate )

Question 24

Diaphysis

Answer 24

A shaft

Question 25

Epiphysis

Answer 25

2 ends of a bone

Question 26

Epiphysis line ( or plate )

Answer 26

Transparent line in adult bone; also called growth plate

Question 27

Membranes of long bones

Answer 27

Periosteum, Endosteum

Question 28

Periosteum

Answer 28

Double-layered connective tissue that covers and nourishes the bone.

Question 29

Endosteum

Answer 29

lines the medullary cavity

Question 30

Red Marrow new born vs. Adults

Answer 30

The medullar cavity of long and spongy bones contain red bone marrow, in adults red bone marrow is found in the head and in the in flat bones and irregular bones, the majority of adults have yellow marrow

Question 31

Why would yellow bone marrow ever convert into red bone marrow

Answer 31

Anemia

Question 32

Bone markings

Answer 32

Projection, depression, openings

Question 33

projection

Answer 33

places that have increased stress on them

Question 34

Depressions

Answer 34

Groove like cuts that allow for locations as passageways for vessels or nerves

Question 35

Openings

Answer 35

Holes or canals that allow for something to move through a bone

Question 36

Cells of microscopic anatomy

Answer 36

Osteogenic cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, none lining cells, osteoclasts

Question 37

Osteogenic cells

Answer 37

Mito actively active stem cells,

Question 38

osteoblasts

Answer 38

matrix synthesizing cell responsible for bone growth

Question 39

osteocytes

Answer 39

mature bone cell, monitors and maintains the mineralized bone matrix

Question 40

Bone lining cells

Answer 40

flat cells found on bone surfaces where bone remodeling is not going on

Question 41

osteoclasts

Answer 41

Bone resorbing cell

Question 42

Osteon ( Haversian System )

Answer 42

structural unit of compact bone

Question 43

Lamellae

Answer 43

rings around the central canal, sites of lacunae

Question 44

Canals and canaliculi of compact bone

Answer 44

little channels that connect lacunae

Question 45

central canal

Answer 45

contain nerve fibers and

Question 46

lacunae

Answer 46

small cavities in bone that contain osteocytes

Question 47

Interstitial and circumferential lamellae

Answer 47

- Interstitial lamellae * Lamellae that are not part of osteon * Some fill gaps between forming osteons; others are remnants of osteons cut by bone remodeling - Circumferential lamellae * Just deep to periosteum, but superficial to endosteum, these layers of lamellae extend around entire surface of diaphysis * Help long bone to resist twisting