Chapter 6 - Learning

Question 1

Classical Conditioning

Answer 1

Learning that occurs when a neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a condition response

Question 2

During conditioning

Answer 2

Neutral stimulus + unconditioned stimulus = unconditioned response

Question 3

After conditioning

Answer 3

Conditioned (learned) stimulus = conditioned response

Question 4

Phobia

Answer 4

Irrational fear

Question 5

Generalization

Answer 5

Important for survival and it’s a future reference

Question 6

Systematic desensitization

Answer 6

Step-by-step to get people exposed to that fear

Question 7

Stimulus discrimination

Answer 7

Don’t treat them the same

Question 8

Spontaneous recovery

Answer 8

A fear that has disappeared but has the possibility of returning

Question 9

Operant conditioning

Answer 9

Learning in which voluntary responses are controlled by their consequences

Question 10

Reinforcement and punishment

Answer 10

For reinforcement it’s more likely they will do the behavior again

For punishment it’s less likely to do the behavior again

Question 11

Positive and negative reinforcement

Answer 11

Positive: reward
Negative: taking something bad out of your life

Question 12

Positive and negative punishment

Answer 12

Positive: get something you don’t want
Negative: time out

Question 13

Primary and secondary

Answer 13

Primary: don’t have to learn to like

Secondary: don’t have to learn to like

Question 14

Premack principal

Answer 14

You reword yourself with the more preferred activity with something you don’t like

Question 15

Schedule of reinforcement

Answer 15

Fixed ratio: salary
Variable ratio: pop-quiz
Fixed interval: monthly pay check
Variable interval: always highly preform

Question 16

Immediate punishment

Side effects

Answer 16

Not effective

1. Increased aggression
2. Passive aggressiveness
3. Avoidance behaviours
4. Modelling
5. Temporary suppression
6. Learned helplessness

Question 17

Shaping

Answer 17

The reinforcement of successfully closer and closer approximation to the desired response

Question 18

Insight learning

Answer 18

Set an understanding of the problem that implies a solution

Question 19

Insight learning

Answer 19

Hidden learning that exist without behavioral signs

Question 20

Cognitive map

Answer 20

Mental map

Question 21

Observational learning

Factors

Answer 21

1. Attention
2. Retention
3. Reproduction
4. Reinforcement

Question 22

Vicarious reinforcement

Vicarious punishment

Answer 22

More likely to copy

Less likely to copy

Question 23

Cognitive behavior therapy

Answer 23

Using exposure and response prevention

Question 24

Mirror neurons

Answer 24

Fire at the same rate in sequence of what they see

Question 25

FMRI

MRI

Answer 25

Movie of the brain

Picture of the brain

Question 26

Biological preparedness

Answer 26

We are prepared by nature to be scared of certain

Question 27

Aversive conditioning

Answer 27

Makes you not want something you’ve used or want

Question 28

Biofeedback

Answer 28

Way to train your body to be calm

In order to change an internal body function

Question 29

Learning

Answer 29

Permanent change in behavior and mental processes because of practice or experience