Chapter 6 Lecture 2 PART II

Question 1

What is childbirth?

Answer 1

A normal physiological process that affects the health of the mother and the fetus

Question 2

Labor and deliver are often what?

Answer 2

A family affair

Question 3

What does family affair mean in terms of labor and delivery

Answer 3

That the father/significant other is participating and the grandparents are actively involved

Question 4

Where can a woman choose to deliver the baby

Answer 4

-a traditional hospital setting
-a freestanding private birthing center
-at home

Question 5

What are the stages of birth?

Answer 5

1. Dilation and effacement
2. Descent and birth of the baby
3. Birth of the placenta
4. Recovery

Question 6

The cervix must be what in terms of dilation?

Answer 6

COMPLETELY dilated (10 cm)

Question 7

The cervix must be what in terms of effacement?

Answer 7

100% effaced (thinned out)

Question 8

Physiological changes occur in the infant’s body, why?

Answer 8

to enable it to adjust to life outside the uterus after the umbilical cord is cut

Question 9

What happens to the infant after the umbilical cord is cut?

Answer 9

The infant is dried & placed in a pre-warmed bed

Question 10

What do we do to an infant’s head after birth?

Answer 10

their head is covered to minimize heat loss until the infant can stabilize its own body temperature

Question 11

What happens between the parents and the newborn?

Answer 11

-Bonding and attachment
-Skin-to-skin contact

Question 12

When is the apgar score assessed?

Answer 12

1 minute and 5 minutes after birth

Question 13

What is the apgar score?

Answer 13

a rating of heart rate, respiration, muscle tone, color, and reflex response

Question 14

What kinds of scores can happen?

Answer 14

-0-10 score
-estimates the condition of the newborn

Question 15

0-3 score

Answer 15

Infant needs immediate resuscitation

Question 16

4-6 score

Answer 16

moderately depressed

Question 17

7-10 score

Answer 17

normal

Question 18

What can happen during the transition into motherhood? (4)

Answer 18

-Hormonal changes
-changes in self-image
-reorganization of tasks
-postpartum blues & postpartum depression

Question 19

What are postpartum blues

Answer 19

feelings of joy and depression

Question 20

What can happen to fathers after birth?

Answer 20

-Engrossment: intense focus on the newborn
-role and responsibilities may change

Question 21

What can occur between siblings after birth?

Answer 21

Sibling rivalry: competition between siblings, often for parental attention and love

Question 22

What can happen to grandparents after birth?

Answer 22

Some seek interactive role and others do not

Question 23

How can culture influence birth?

Answer 23

-In some, the husband is expected to be present during the birthing process, while in others its discouraged
-it may influence the accuracy of pain assessment

Question 24

What is Rubin’s Phase 1 of Psychological Changes After Birth?

Answer 24

-“Taking in”
-The woman is passive & lets others care for her and the infant (such as asking for food or opportunity to sleep)
-she talks about the delivery exprerience

Question 25

What is Rubin's Phase 2 of Psychological Changes After Birth?

Answer 25

-*"Taking hold"* -The woman begins to initiate care of the infant -she assumes responsibility for self-care -she is most receptive to teaching at this stage

Question 26

What is Rubin's Phase 3 of Psychological Changes After Birth?

Answer 26

-*"Letting go"* -Parents recognize the reality of the new lifetsyle & responsibilities they face -they accpet the gender & unique appearence of the new child

Question 27

What are the developmental tasks of the newborn? (4)

Answer 27

-Feeding patterns & habits -First trust experience (Trust vs. mistrust: ERIKSON) -Sleeps 15-20 hours daily -Reflexes

Question 28

What are the 7 reflexes of the neonate?

Answer 28

1. Moro 2. Tonic neck 3. Palmar grasp 4. Babinski 5. Rooting 6. Sucking 7. Stepping

Question 29

What is the MORO REFLEX

Answer 29

-you frighten the baby -The baby should spread out their arms -then the baby will pull their arms back in, tight to their chest -the baby will then cry

Question 30

What is the TONIC NECK REFLEX

Answer 30

-When placed in a supine (face up) position & turn their head to the side -the same arm extends and the opposite flexes

Question 31

What is the PALMAR & PLANTAR GRASP

Answer 31

-You put a finger in the middle of the palm or foot -the fingers and toes should curl around

Question 32

What is a *POSITIVE* BABINSKI REFLEX

Answer 32

-The sole of the foot is firmly stroked -the big toe will bend toward the top of the foot -the other toes will fan out -this is normaal for up to 2 years of age

Question 33

What is a *NEGATIVE* BABINSKI REFLEX

Answer 33

-The toes curl instead of fan out

Question 34

What is the ROOTING REFLEX

Answer 34

-the corner of the baby's mouth is touched -the baby will turn their head & open their mouth -the baby will follow in the direction of the stroking to find the breast or bottle to begin feeding

Question 35

What is the STEPPING REFLEX

Answer 35

-The baby appears to take steps or dance when held upright with their feet touching a solid surface

Question 36

What does intelligence involve?

Answer 36

The ability to learn from experience & to adapt to the environment and its challenges

Question 37

When does intelligence begin?

Answer 37

As soon as the baby enters the world

Question 38

What does the study of intelligence include? (4)

Answer 38

1. Psychometric variables (reasoning, memory, abstract thinking) 2. Computational variables (ability to process information) 3. Biological variables (neural functioning) 4. Complex system variables (language and interpersonal intelligence)

Question 39

What is a developmental task of the neonate, in terms of play activities? Give an example that will foster this development

Answer 39

-To learn how to focus on & follow objects as they move across the field of vision -An overhanging mobile with contrasting colors

Question 40

What stage is the neonate in during neonatal development?

Answer 40

Piaget's sensorimotor stage of cognitive growth

Question 41

What is the best time to interact with the neonate?

Answer 41

During the quiet-alert state of responsiveness