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Intro To APSC > Chapter 6 - Nutrition > Flashcards

Chapter 6 - Nutrition Flashcards

1
Q

The true glandular stomach in the ruminant

A

Abomasum

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2
Q

Having feed available at all times

A

Ad Libitum

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3
Q

Conditions that lack molecular oxygen

A

Anaerobic

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4
Q

The incombustible residue remaining after complete combustion of a sample. Considered to be the mineral matter of a feed.

A

Ash

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5
Q

A rounded mass that is ready to swallow

A

Bolus

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6
Q

Chemically defined as polyhydroxyl aldehydes or ketones, or substances that can be hydrolyzed to them

A

Carbohydrates

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7
Q

Animals that subsist on meat

A

Carnivore

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8
Q

A carbohydrate composed of thousands of glucose molecules that forms the support structure of plants

A

Cellulose

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9
Q

The mixture of food, saliva, and gastric secretions as it is ready to leave the stomach and move into the duodenum

A

Chyme

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10
Q

Eating feces

A

Coprophagy

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11
Q

An area where young nursing animals can have access to starter feeds

A

Creep

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12
Q

In proximate analysis, the insoluble carbohydrates remaining in a feed after boiling in acid alkali

A

Crude fiber

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13
Q

An estimate of protein cont obtained by multiplying the nitrogen content of a substance by a factor, usually 6.25.

A

Crude protein

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14
Q

The act of swallowing

A

Deglutition

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15
Q

All of the feed consumed by an animal, including water

A

Diet

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16
Q

A measure of the degree to which a feedstuff can be chemically simplified and absorbed by the digestive system

A

Digestibility

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17
Q

The physical, chemical, and enzymatic means the body used to render a feedstuff ready for absorption

A

Digestion

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18
Q

Everything in a feed other than water

A

Dry matter

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19
Q

Proteins capable of catalyzing reactions associated with a specific substrate

A

Enzymes

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20
Q

Belching

A

Eructation

21
Q

In proximate analysis, the portion of a sample that is removed by extraction with a fat solvent such as Ethel ether

A

Ether extract

22
Q

Product per unit of feed

A

Feed efficiency

23
Q

The process of adding tissues similar to those already present in the body to increase the size of an organism to the goal of maturity when growth stops

A

Growth

24
Q

Animals that eat a diet of only plant material

A

Herbivore

25
Q

Polymers of phenolic acids found in plants as part of the structural component of the plant

A

Lignin

26
Q

The nutritional needs of the animal exclusive of those required for a productive function

A

Maintenance

27
Q

The process of chewing

A

Mastication

28
Q

The specific set of inorganic elements thus far established as necessary for life in one or more animal species

A

Minerals

29
Q

Having only one stomach

A

Monogastric

30
Q

In proximate analysis, the measure of readily available carbohydrates calculated by subtracting all measured proximate components from 100

A

Nitrogen-free Extract

31
Q

Animals that eat both plant and animal based foods

A

Omnivore

32
Q

The progressive, squeezing movements produced by the contraction of muscle fibers in the wall of the digestive tract

A

Peristalsis

33
Q

A measure of the presence and digestibility of essential amino acids in a feedstuff

A

Protein quality

34
Q

The specific feed allotment given to an animal in a 24 hour period

A

Ration

35
Q

A bully feedstuff with low weight per unit fiber. Less digestible than forages

A

Roughage

36
Q

Hooved animals that have a rumen and chew their cud

A

Ruminant

37
Q

The process in a ruminant where a cud or bolus of rumen contents is regurgitated, remasticated, and res wallowed for further digestion

A

Rumination

38
Q

The elaboration of the mixed secretion (saliva) produced primarily in three bilateral pairs of glands in the mouth known as salivary glands

A

Salivation

39
Q

A relationship in which dissimilar organisms live together or in close association

A

Symbiosis

40
Q

Term that is used to group together a dissimilar set of organic substances required in very small quantities by the body

A

Vitamin

41
Q

Physical exertion as a production function

A

Work

42
Q

Fat cells or fat tissue

A

Adipose

43
Q

Refers to feeding feeds that contain their normal amount of moisture

A

As fed

44
Q

A nutrient that cannot be synthesized by the body in sufficient quantities to meet requirements and must be supplied in the diet

A

Essential nutrient

45
Q

Ingredient added to a diet to perform a specific role other than supplying nutrients

A

Non-nutritive feed additive

46
Q

Anaerobic metabolic process that converts sugars to acids, gases, and/or alcohol using yeast or bacteria

A

Fermentation

47
Q

The process by which partially digested feed is cast up to the mouth as a normal part of digestion

A

Regurgitation

48
Q

Forage or other plant materials such as corn fodder that is preserved by fermentation; similar to pickled food for humans

A

Silage

49
Q

A group of short-chain fatty acids produced by microbes in the rumen

A

Volatile fatty acids

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