Chapter 6 - Panic & Anxiety Flashcards
(27 cards)
Anxiety
General fear about possible future danger
Fear
Alarm response that occurs due to immediate danger
What was the distinction historically between anxiety and fear?
It was cantered on how obvious the source of danger was.
- less obvious led to anxiety
- obvious led to fear
Fear/panic is the basic emotion involved in the activation of
The fight or flight response of the autonomic nervous system
Fear with no external cause is know as a? And includes a sense of?
Panic attack
Impending doom
What are the three essential components of fear and panic?
Cognitive/subjective: I’m going to die
Physiology: elevated heart rate and heavy breathing
Behavioural: strong urge to escape or flee
Anxiety is more oriented towards the? And more ____ than fear
To the future, diffuse
What is commonly associated with all anxiety disorders
Unrealistic, irrational fears or anxiety that causes signification distress or impairment in functioning
What are the five primary types of anxiety disorder recognized by the DSM-5
Specific phobia, panic disorder, aGoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety disorder or social phobia
What are the commonalties on a biological level for anxiety disorders
They all have genetic components and this may be non-specific to a disorder
What are the commonalties for basic psychological causes of anxiety disorders
People with this disorder are all high neuroticism, classical conditioning also plays a role because people who feel no control over the situation are at a greater risk for anxiety disorders
What are two common treatments to anxiety disorders? And for which disorder does one of them not work for
Graduated exposure to fears or anti-anxiety and antidepressant drugs but they don’t work for specific phobias
Where are specific phobias
Strong and persistent fear recognize as excessive or unreasonable in response to a specific object or situation
What are some subtypes of specific phobias
Animal: snakes, spiders, dogs. Natural environment: storms, Heights, water. Situational: public transport tunnels, bridges, elevators, flying. Blood injection injury phobia. Other: choking, vomiting, space phobia which is a fear of falling down if away from walls are other support
What is blood injection injury phobia And how is it different from other types of phobias ?
Is the sight of blood or injury or receiving an injection. Instead of showing a simple increase in heart rate and blood pressure like most phobias, they show initial acceleration followed by a dramatic drop in heart rate and blood pressure accompanied by nausea dizziness or fainting which does not occur with other specific phobias
true or false? A specific phobias and more common in men
False, they are more common in women
T or F? Specific phobias are very common and age of onset difference quite a bit
True
What is the cause of specific phobias from a psycho analytic viewpoint
Defence against anxiety stemming from repressed ID impulses
When is the cause of specific phobias from a learned behaviour or classical conditioning perspective
The fear response can be readily conditions a previously neutral stimulus I when paired with a Trumatic or painful event. Once acquired the fear with generalized to other similar objects or situations
Explain vicarious conditioning as a subtype of classical conditioning in a cause for specific phobias
Watching a phobic person behaves fearfully with his or her phobic object to come is all in fear being transmitted to the observer through vicarious or observational classical conditioning
Individual difference in learning for classical conditioning as a cause for specific phobias. Given all the drama people undergo how doesn’t everyone developed a phobia?
Some life experiences may serve as a risk factor to make people more vulnerable. Some experiences may be protective factors that protect people from the development of phobias.
Give an example using protective and risk factors
Children with a lot of OK experiences at the dentist are less likely to develop a dentist phobia after one bad visit versus another child who has had fewer previous fun visit to the dentist.
What is the role of evolutionary preparedness for classical conditioning in the development of specific phobias
We can see that most for phobias they are mostly to water, snacks, height, enclosed spaces compared to guns and chainsaws Even though those are more likely to cause harm. This is called prepared learning: primate seem to evolutionarily pair certain objects with frightening or unpleasant events due to her evolutionary history. They are not innate, rather easily acquired
What are the two biological causes for specific phobias
Genetics and temperament