Chapter 6 Part 1 Flashcards
Energy
Ability to transfer heat or do work
Work equation
Force x Distance
work symbol
w
Potential Energy
Energy associated with position
Kinetic Energy
Energy of Movement
KE=?
½ m v2
mass in kg
Thermal Energy
Energy Associated with heat and molecular/atomic motion
SI unit of energy
Joule (1 kg·m²/s²)
calorie symbol
cal
Joule symbol
J
Food Calorie symbol
Cal
1 Cal =
1 kcal or 1 kJ
British Thermal Unit Symbol and how many kilojoules is it equal to?
BTU, 1 kJ
system
limited portion of the world that we are interested in.
surroundings
everything else… e.g. the universe.
Exothermic process
energy moving from the system to the surroundings.
Endothermic process
energy moving from the surroundings to the system.
State function
a property that is dependent only on the current condition and is independent of
how it arrived at that condition.
1st Law of Thermodynamics, aka the Law of Energy Conservation
states that energy is
neither created nor destroyed but can only be shifted from one form to another.
Etotal (energy of a system)
KE + PE + U ,but is very difficult to measure so we use ∆E = E final - Estart or ∆E = Eproducts - Ereactants instead
where KE = macroscopic kinetic energy components,
PE = macroscopic potential energy components,
U = internal energy (microscopic components)
Internal energy symbol
U
internal energy equation
∆U = q + w
or
Usystem = q + w
where q = heat component
w = work component
heat symbol
q
q = “+”
heat at is imported into the system, e.g., an endothermic process
