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ABDOMEN REGISTRY > Chapter 6: Spleen > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Spleen Flashcards

1
Q

The spleen _________ in size with age

A

Decreases

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2
Q

The spleen is the ________ lymphatic organ

A

Largest

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3
Q

Describe extramedullary hematopoiesis

A

When the spleen takes over the bone marrow and starts producing RBCs in cases of severe anemia

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4
Q

What is the function of the white pulp

A

Carries out the spleen’s lymphatic function
(Produces and houses lymphocytes)

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5
Q

What is the function of the red pulp

A

Performs phagotic function of the spleen
Contains RBCs and macrophages

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6
Q

What is culling

A

Removal of irregular RBC’s

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7
Q

What is pitting

A

Removal of unwanted material from RBCs

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8
Q

The splenic artery enters the hilum ______ to the splenic vein

A

Anterior

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9
Q

The splenic artery has a _____ resistance flow

A

Low

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10
Q

What are other names for an accessory spleen

A

Splenule
Splenunculus
Supernumerary

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11
Q

What is a splenic cleft

A

Spleen appears to be divided by a hyperechoic line

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12
Q

Asplenia and polysplenia have been associated with ______ malformations and abnormal location of other organs

A

Cardiac

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13
Q

With a wandering spleen, pt could suffer from what

A

Splenic torsion

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14
Q

Whats the name for leukocytes found within the spleen

A

Lymphocytes

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15
Q

With splenomegaly, the spleen tends to become __________ as it enlarges

A

Hypoechoic

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16
Q

What is the most common cause of splenomegaly

A

Portal hypertension

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17
Q

Epstein- Barr infection (mononucleosis) will always result in _______

A

Splenomegaly

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18
Q

For it to be considered splenomegaly, the spleen should exceed ______ cm length, and ___ cm thickness

A

12-3cm,
6cm

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19
Q

With splenomegaly, the spleen extends beyond the ______ pole of the kidney

A

Inferior

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20
Q

What are clinical findings related to splenomegaly

A

Palpable enlarged spleen, LUQ pain, leukocytosis, infection, trauma, cirrhosis, leukemia, lymphoma, sickle cell anemia

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21
Q

Splenic cysts are also called _______cysts

A

Epithelial

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22
Q

Splenic cysts can also be associated with

A

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

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23
Q

What are the symptoms of splenic cysts

A

Asymptomatic
Pain can occur with hemorrhage

24
Q

A splenic hydatid cyst is caused by what

A

The tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus

25
Fungal splenic abscesses often result from _______
Cándida
26
A history of bacteremia, increases the risk of developing ______
Splenic abscesses
27
What are the clinical findings of splenic abscesses
Fever Leukocytosis LUQ pain Lt flank or shoulder pain Splenomegaly
28
What are the sonographic findings of a splenic abscess
Fungal abscess may appear as a bulls eye Increased vascularity around mass but not within it May contain debris or gas
29
Describe a splenic infarct
Tissue has been deprived of oxygen and died
30
What are the symptoms of splenic infarct
Sudden onset of LUQ pain
31
What does an acute splenic infarct look like
Hypoechoic wedge shaped mass
32
What does a chronic splenic infarct look like
Hyperechoic wedge shaped mass
33
What are the clinical findings of splenic trauma
Blunt trauma to LUQ LUQ pain Low hematocrit
34
What does a splenic trauma look like on ultrasound
Acute hemorrhage (complex or hypoechoic) Will look different depending on age of the hemorrhage
35
What is a splenic hemangioma
Most common benign asymptomatic tumor of the spleen Hyperechoic mass
36
What is granulomatous disease
Asymptomatic small echogenic foci (granuloma) that may shadow
37
A pt with granulomatous may have a history of what three diseases
Histoplasmosis Tuberculosis Sarcoidosis
38
What is a splenic hamartoma
Benign hypoechoic mass or masses Color Doppler may show hypervascularity
39
What are the clinical findings of splenic hamartoma
Asymptomatic (pain may occur with rupture) Hx of Beckwith-Wideman syndrome or Tuberus sclerosis
40
What is the primary malignant tumor of the spleen
Angiosarcoma
41
More often lymphoma and leukemia will involve the ____
Spleen
42
Focal masses are less common with ________
Leukemia
43
Describe hodgkin lymphoma
Malignant Presence of Reed-Sternberg cells High recovery rate
44
Describe non-hodgkin lymphoma
Malignant Not as easily managed More common
45
What are the clinical findings of spleen malignancies
LUQ pain Fever Weight loss Malaise
46
What does spleen malignancies look like on ultrasound
Diffuse - splenomegaly Focal - hypoechoic masses
47
What is sickle cell disease
Group of inherited blood disorders that affect the hemoglobin
48
What are sickle cell anemia symptoms
Low hematocrit Bone pain
49
Autosplenectomy may occur with sickle cell anemia, what does that refer to
Spontaneous splenic infarction
50
With sickle cell anemia, abnormal ________ - shaped RBS tend to attach to each other and obstruct vascular channels
Crescent
51
What are the sonographic findings of sickle cell anemia
Enlarged spleen during a crisis Focal masses of normal splenic tissue With time, spleen will look fibrotic and atrophy
52
What is a splenic lymphangioma
Benign lesion that is a congenital malformation of the lymphatic system
53
A lymphangioma is comprised of lymphatic tissue and ________
Blood vessels
54
What do lymphangiomas look like
Multicystic masses with hypoechoic or anechoic locules and hyperechoic septations
55
What are the symptoms of splenic lymphangioma
Náusea LUQ pain Abdominal distention Splenomegaly
56
What is the gold standard imaging for the spleen
CT

ABDOMEN REGISTRY (13 decks)

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