Chapter 6 Terms

Question 1

alienation

Answer 1

a condition of estrangement or dissociation from the surronding society

Question 2

bureaucracy

Answer 2

a component of formal organization that uses rules and hierachical ranking to acheive efficiency

Question 3

classical theory

Answer 3

the approach to the study of formal organizations that views workers as being motivated almost entirely by economic rewards

Question 4

bureaucratization

Answer 4

the process by which the group, organization, or social movement becomes increasingly bureacratic

Question 5

coalition

Answer 5

a temporary or permanent alliance geared toward a common goal

Question 6

dyad

Answer 6

a two-member group

Question 7

focus group

Answer 7

a carefully selected discussion group led by trained moderator

Question 8

formal organization

Answer 8

a group designed for a special purpose and structured for maximum efficiency

Question 9

goal displacement

Answer 9

overzealous conformity to official regulations of a bureacracy

Question 10

group

Answer 10

any number of people with simlar norms, values, and expectations who interact with one another on a regular basis

Question 11

grouplink

Answer 11

uncritical acceptance of or conformity to the prevailing view point

Question 12

human relations approach

Answer 12

an approach to the study of formal organizations that emphasizes the role of people, communication, and participation in a bureacracy and tends to focus on the informal structure of the organization

Question 13

ideal type

Answer 13

a construct or model for evaluating specific cases

Question 14

in-group

Answer 14

any group of category to which people feel they belong

Question 15

iron law of oligarchy

Answer 15

a principle of organizational life under which even a democratic organization will eventually develop into a bureacracy ruled by few individuals

Question 16

labor union

Answer 16

organized workers who share either the same skill or the same employer

Question 17

mcdonaldization

Answer 17

the process by which the principles of the fast-food restaurant are coming to dominate more and more sectors of American society as well as of the rest of the world

Question 18

out-group

Answer 18

a group or category to which people feel they do not belong

Question 19

peter principle

Answer 19

a principle of organizational life according to which every employee within a hierarchy tends to rise to his or her level of incompetence

Question 20

primary group

Answer 20

a small group characterized by intimate, face to face association and cooperation

Question 21

reference group

Answer 21

any group that individuals use as a standard for evaluating themselves and their own behavior

Question 22

scientific management approach

Answer 22

another name for the classical theory of formal organization

Question 23

secondary group

Answer 23

a formal, impersonal group in which their is little social intimacy or mutual understanding

Question 24

small group

Answer 24

a group small enough for all members to interact simultaneously – that is, to talk with one another or at least be well acquainted

Question 25

telecommuter

Answer 25

an employee who works full time or part time at home rather than in an outside office, and who is linked to supervisor and colleagues through phone lies, Wi-Fi, the internet, and smartphones

Question 26

trained incapacity

Answer 26

the tendency of workers in a bureacracy to become so specialized that they develop blind spots and fail to notice obvious problems

Question 27

triad

Answer 27

a three member group