Chapter 6 Test Flashcards
(98 cards)
1
Q
heliocentric, or sun-centered, theory was proposed by
A
b Nicholaus Copernicus
2
Q
Francis Bacon helped to develop the
A
c scientific method
3
Q
isaac newton explained the
A
a law of universal gravitation
4
Q
in general, the philosophes believed in
A
c progress for society
5
Q
the idea of a direct democracy is explained in
A
b The Social Contract
6
Q
european art of the 1600s and early 1700s was dominated by grand, ornate
A
baroque
7
Q
the philosophes influenced catherine the great’s
A
d proposal on reforms to russian laws
8
Q
the bill of rights was influenced by
A
all of the above,Voltaire, Jean Jacques Rousseau
9
Q
henry fielding was a writer who
A
c developed many features of the modern novel
10
Q
statement true of the neoclassical style of art
A
a it emphasized elegance and simplicity
11
Q
what reflects the correct sequence of steps used in the scientific process?
A
d observation, question, hypothesis, experimentation, conclusion
12
Q
what was Montesquieu’s influence of the US constitution
A
b branches of government
13
Q
how did the baroque style + the neoclassical style differ?
A
c baroque was grand and ornate; neoclassical was simple and elegant
14
Q
Frederick 2 supported the following:
A
a freedom of worship
15
Q
how were thomas hobbes and catherine the great similar?
A
d both believed a monarch should have absolute authority
16
Q
law of universal gravitation
A
b all physical objects are affected equally by the same forces
17
Q
belief that the enlightenment promoted
A
d all of the above (belief in progress, faith in science, secular outlook)
18
Q
andreas vesalius + voltaire both
A
c challenge exiting ideas
19
Q
how did zacharias janssen make anton van leeuwenhook’s discoveries possible?
A
a invented microscope
20
Q
how did main character in pamela reflect enlightenment ideas
A
c resisted abuse of authority
21
Q
This began when Charles II took the throne
A
Restoration
22
Q
This king of England lost the English Civil War
A
Charles I
23
Q
This King of England was tried and then put to death
A
Charles I
24
Q
This Catholic King of England was replaced William and Mary
A
James II
25
Parliaments financial power was an obstacle to this type of government
Absolute monarchy
26
This Puritan leader ruled England after the end of the civil war
Oliver Cromwell
27
This Puritan leader abolished the monarchy and ruled as a military dictator
Oliver Cromwell
28
This document made clear the limits on Royal power after the Glorious Revolution
Bill of rights
29
The King of England came to power as a result of the Glorious Revolution
William
30
This King of Scotland inherited Elizabeth I's throne as well as her conflicts with parliament
James I
31
This prevented monarchs from jailing people for purely political reasons and from indefinitely holding prisoners without trial
Habeas corpus
32
This was adopted to prevent disagreements between the monarchy and parliament from bringing the government to a standstill
Cabinet system
33
This brilliant mathematician used the data of Tycho Brahe to prove the accuracy of copernicus's basic ideas about the motion of planets
Johannes Kepler
34
This great mathematician and physicist brought together some of the theories and discoveries of Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo under a single theory of motion known as the law of universal gravitation
Isaac Newton
35
This pioneer of the use of the scientific method in chemistry is considered the founder of modern chemistry. He is best known fear the discovery of a law that helps to explain characteristics of gases
Robert Boyle
36
This English politician and writer had a passionate interest in science. In his writings, he criticized the techniques of the ancient and medieval scholars. He argued forcefully for the adoption of new scientific techniques such as the experimental method
Francis bacon
37
After studying planetary movements for many years, this astronomer reasoned that the stars and the planets revolved around the sun, an idea that became known as the heliocentric theory. Fearing ridicule or persecution, he didn't publish his findings until 1543, the year of his death
Nicolaus Copernicus
38
This mathematician developed analytical geometry, which links algebra and geometry. Of his a own existence, he was sure; everything else was doubtful until proved by reason. In his writings, he urged scientists to rely on mathematics and logic to reach fundamental truths about the natural world
Rene Descartes
39
Among his many scientific discoveries are the law of the pendulum and the fact that falling objects accelerate at fixed and predicable rates. Despite his genius, he lived the last years of his life under house arrest because his scientific findings did not go along with the Church authorities' interpretation of the Bible
Galileo Galilei
40
What is Hobbes's opinion on the state of man in nature?
Men are intellectually more equal than they are physically
41
Which of the following statements does not reflect the thinking of Hobbes?
A. If two men want the same thing, they'll become enemies and destroy each other to get it
B. If a man has something of value, others will conspire to take it.
C. Because both men are indifferent, conflict is limited to a few.
D. Because some men will "take things too far", others will increase their power.
C. Because both men are indifferent, conflict is limited to a few.
42
Hobbes believes that the source of quarrels among men is/are
Mistrust and competition
43
The root of society's problems stems from
Nature predisposing men to behave destructively and the lack of superior power
44
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Which of the following would most agree with Hobbes's philosophy?
A. Oliver Cromwell
B. Charles II of England
C. William and Mary
D. Thomas Jefferson
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Oliver Cromwell
45
which monarch did the glorious revolution bring to the throne?
d. william and mary
46
in a vindication of the rights of women, this political thinker presented an argument for the education of women. she also declared that women should have the same political rights as men.
f mary wollstonecraft
47
This philosophers ideas greatly influenced criminal law reformers in Europe and North America. He argued against the use of torture and other common abuses of justice
h cesare bonesana beccaria
48
This aristocratic philosophe was devoted to the study of political liberty. In his famous book on the spirit of laws, he proposed that separation of powers would keep any individual or group from gaining total control of the government.
c Montesquieu
49
This philosophe strongly disagreed with other philosophes on the number of matters. For instance, although most philosophes believed that reason, science, and our improve the lives of all people, he argued that civilization corrupts People's national goodness
g Jean Jacques rousseau
50
This philosophe's masterful use of satire got him into frequent trouble with the clergy, the aristocracy, and the government of France. Despite serving to prison terms of being exiled, he never stop fighting for tolerance, reason, freedom of religion, and freedom of speech.
a Voltaire
51
This political thinker felt that people are reasonable beings. He supported self government and argued that the purpose of government is to protect the natural rights of people. If the government fails to protect these natural rights, he said, citizens have the right to overthrow it.
b John Locke
52
This political thinker believed that all humans are naturally selfish and wicked. He argued that strong governments are necessary to control human behavior. To avoid chaos, he said, people enter into a social contract. They give up their rights in exchange for law and order.
d Thomas Hobbes
53
abolished serfdom
a. Joseph II
54
composed classical music
h franz Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and Ludwig van Beethoven
55
Ruled Russia as an enlightened despot
D Catherine the great
56
Ruled Prussia as an enlightened despot
C Frederick the great
57
Ruled Austria as an enlightened despot
A Joseph II
58
Edited and published the Encyclopedia
B Denis Diderot
59
Brutally crushed a massive uprising of serfs
D Catherine the great
60
gave the nobility abosolute power over the serfs
D Catherine the great
61
Developed many of the features of the modern novel
g Samuel richardson and Henry fielding
62
ran the most influential of Paris salons during the enlightenment
E Marie-Thérèse Geoffrin
63
Which of the following occurred last? repeal of stamp act, adoption of bill of rights, end of French & Indian war, calling of the second continental congress?
b adoption of Bill of rights
64
Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?
c Thomas Jefferson
65
Which of the following documents created the first national government of the 13 individual states in North America?
C articles of confederation
66
Which of the following was created by the articles of Confederation?
A the congress
67
which of the following events occurred after the American Revolution?
a constitutional convention
68
what was Montesquieu's influence on the US constitution?
b branches of government
69
How did the baroque style and the neoclassical style differ?
c baroque was grand and ornate; neoclassical was simple and elegant
70
Frederick II supported which of the following?
a freedom of worship
71
how were Thomas Hobbes and Catherine the great similar?
d both believed that a monarch should have absolute authority
72
what was the law of universal gravitation?
b all physical objects are affected equally by the same forces
73
which of the following did the enlightenment promote?
d all of the above, a belief in progress, more secular outlook, faith in science
74
what did the American colonists protest as "taxation without representation"?
c stamp act
75
which of the following events occurred after the American Revolution?
a constitutional convention
76
what was Montesquieu's influence on the US constitution?
b branches of government
77
How did the baroque style and the neoclassical style differ?
c baroque was grand and ornate; neoclassical was simple and elegant
78
Frederick II supported which of the following?
a freedom of worship
79
how were Thomas Hobbes and Catherine the great similar?
d both believed that a monarch should have absolute authority
80
what was the law of universal gravitation?
b all physical objects are affected equally by the same forces
81
which of the following did the enlightenment promote?
d all of the above, a belief in progress, more secular outlook, faith in science
82
what did the American colonists protest as "taxation without representation"?
c stamp act
83
what did Andreas Versailles and Voltaire both do?
c challenge existing ideas
84
How did Zacharias Janssen make Anton van Leeuwenhoek discoveries possible?
a he invented the microscope
85
Which of the following men contradicted the ideas in the US Constitution.
B Thomas Hobbes
86
How does the main character in Richardson's Pamela reflect enlightenment ideas?
c she resisted the abuse of authority
87
In the 1700s, which of the following showed influence on enlightenment ideas
D All of the above; Woman reading a novel, a woman allowing her child to have a smallpox vaccination, a man attending a salon
88
Which the following did the sensors of the Catholic church ban?
B the encyclopedia
89
How did the taxation problem in America different before and after Independence?
A before were too many British taxes; after were not enough federal taxes
90
How did the Declaration of Independence emody Enlightenment ideals?
D it is said that he will have the rights of liberty life and the pursuit of happiness
91
Which of the following might reflect the neoclassical style?
C a simple, elegant church
92
Which of the following were caused by the scientific revolution?
B. The improvements and medicine and scientific instruments
93
What is the scientific method how does it differ from the methods used by scholars in medieval times?
Observation, problem, hypothesis, experiment, data, conclusion. Used to rely on church teachings and commonsense
94
What influences of the ideas of John Locke have on the deck relation of independence?
Oh people are born free and equal with three natural rights life liberty and property. The purpose of the government is to protect these rights. If the government fails to do so, citizens have the right to overthrow it. All these ideas influenced the declaration independence. The declaration says "all men are created equal. They all have certain rights among these are life liberty and the pursuit of happiness."
95
What was the enlightenment concept of nature?
Nature follows a certain order that is good because it supports life and is reasonable
96
Why do you think Catherine the great was attracted to the ideas of the philosophers? Why do you think she eventually acted against these ideas?
She probably thought granting peasants more freedom with make them more content and perhaps even more productive. She also may have been drawn to a more reasonable way of governing that's not rely on force. However Catherine the great's plan backfired when the cousins rebel
97
How did enlightenment ideas influenced the art and literature in Europe during the 1700s
Simple elegant style of music classical art. Classical music. New trends. Novels.
98
How did the ideas of Locke, Montesquieu, Rousseau, Voltaire, & Beccaria influence the constitution?
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Locke: govn power comes from ppl consent. US gov has limited powers
Montesquieu: separation of powers
Rousseau: democracy
Beccaria: rights of the accused
Voltaire: freedom of speech and religion
```
