Chapter 6: The Human Body

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

The study of the physical structure of the body and its components.

Question 2

Physiology

Answer 2

The study of the normal function of an organism and their parts.

Question 3

Pathophysiology

Answer 3

The study of how normal physiologic processes are disrupted by disease.

Question 4

Anatomical position

Answer 4

Standing erect, feet shoulder width apart with toes pointing forward, arms at sides with palms forward, head in a neutral, inline, forward-looking position.

Question 5

Coronal plane

Answer 5

A vertical plane that divides the body into front and back sections.

Question 6

Sagittal Plane

Answer 6

A vertical plane that divides the body into left and right sections.

Question 7

Midsagittal plane

Answer 7

The vertical plane that divides the body into equal left and right halves.

Question 8

Transverse plane

Answer 8

A horizontal plane that divides the body into the top and bottom sections.

Question 9

Oblique plane

Answer 9

Any plane that is not coronal, sagittal, or transverse. Diagonal planes.

Question 10

Please name the order from most fundamental to largest, starting from “atoms”

Answer 10

Atoms, molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism.

Question 11

Adequate perfusion

Answer 11

Adequate delivery of nutrients to a cell and adequate removal of waste from a cell.

Question 12

Shock

Answer 12

Hypoperfusion

Question 13

Axial Skeleton

Answer 13

Longitudinal axis of the body, along the midline, from the skull to the tailbone. Includes the skull, thoracic cage, and vertebral column.

Question 14

Appendicular skeleton

Answer 14

Comprises the upper and lower extremities and the points by which they connect, including pelvis and shoulders.

Question 15

Tidal Volume

Answer 15

Amount of air moved into/out of the lungs in a breath.

Question 16

Residual Volume

Answer 16

Gas that remains to keep lungs open

Question 17

Deadspace

Answer 17

Air you breathe in that doesn’t make it to the alveoli, gets caught up in other airway structures.

Question 18

Minute Volume

Answer 18

Respiratory rate x Tidal volume.
Volume of air breathed in and out over the course of a minute.

Question 19

Normal Breathing Rate

Answer 19

12-20 breaths/minute

Question 20

Interventricular Septum (IVS)

Answer 20

Separates left and right halves of the heart.

Question 21

Normal resting heart rate

Answer 21

60-100 bpm - for adults

Question 22

Stroke Volume (SV)

Answer 22

Amount of blood moved in one beat of the heart.

Question 23

Cardiac Output (CO)

Answer 23

Amount of blood moved in 1 minute.
HR x SV = CO

Question 24

Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR)

Answer 24

Back pressure in the circulatory system that the heart must overcome in order for blood to flow.

Question 25

Pulse Pressure

Answer 25

Difference between systolic and diastolic pressures. This represents the force the heart generates each time it contracts.

Question 26

Pelvic Girdle

Answer 26

Consists of coxae (two large hip bones), the sacrum, and the coccyx.

Question 27

Pubic Symphysis

Answer 27

Cartilagenous articulation that connects the right and left coxae in the pelvic girdle on the inferior side.

Question 28

Greater Trochantor

Answer 28

A bony prominence on the proximal lateral side of the femur, just below the hip joint.

Question 29

Lesser Trochantor

Answer 29

A projection on the medial/superior portion of the femur.

Question 30

Lateral Malleolus

Answer 30

Rounded, bony prominence on the fibula, identifiable as the lateral ankle bone.

Question 31

Medial Malleolus

Answer 31

Rounded, bony protrusion on the tibia, or the medial side of the ankle bone.

Question 32

Calcaneous

Answer 32

The heel bone.

Question 33

Talus

Answer 33

Large bone in the ankle that articulates with the tibia to form the ankle joint.