Chapter 6- The Lipids Flashcards
What are the four primary classes of lipids ?
- fatty acids
- triglycerides
- sterols
- phospholipids
Lipids contain ___________, _____________, and ___________.
Carbon; hydrogen; oxygen
Lipids are a component of _______________.
Cell membranes
Lipids are the primary source of the body’s energy reserves, which are stored in the _________.
Adipose tissue
Fats contribute to the sensation of being full because…
- fats stay in the stomach longer
* fats are absorbed over a longer period of time
Fatty acids
Major source of energy
Triglycerides
MOST abundant source of fat in our body!
Sterols
Cholesterol is the primary dietary sterol
Phospholipids
The primary lipid in the cell membrane
What are triglycerides commonly called?
Fat, they are essential!
What is the basic structure of a triglyceride?
Three-carbon glycerol molecule with 3 fatty acids attached
Saturated Fatty Acids
They are fully hydrogenated, all carbons are “saturated” with hydrogen, and there are NO double bonds.
Example of a saturated fatty acid?
(Tend to be solid at room temperature)
- animal origin (aka butter)
- tropical oils
Unsaturated Fatty Acids
Fewer hydrogen atoms, contain one or more double bond
Example of unsaturated fatty acid?
Tend to be liquid at room temperature, aka olive oil.
Monounsaturated vs Polyunsaturated fatty acids ?
Mono: one double band of point of unsaturation
Source: avocado, peanuts, almonds
Poly: more than one double bond
Source: mostly vegetable oils
Partial Hydrogenation creates fatty acids
Adding hydrogen to an unsaturated fat can alter the position of the double bonds
What can Trans Fatty Acids do?
- Raise “bad” cholesterol and lower “good cholesterol”
* Increase risk of heart disease
How can I identify if a product contains Trans fat?
Check for partially hydrogenated oil in the ingredients list
What are essential fatty acids that must be supplied through the diet?
- omega-6 fatty acids (Linoleic acid)
* omega-3 fatty acid (Linolenic acid)
What is Omega-6 fatty acid- Linoleic acid essential for?
•growth and synthesis of hormone-like compounds (ercasonoids)
Source of omega-6?
FISH
What is Omega-3 Fatty acid for?
Helps elevate HDL levels, and helps regulate blood pressure and clotting
Omega-3 Source?
Flaxseed; flaxseed oil; chia seeds, hemp seeds, cauliflower, brusselsprouts
