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Environmental Science > Chapter 6: Wild Speciesand Biodiversity > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Wild Speciesand Biodiversity Flashcards

(61 cards)

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1
Q

Ecosystem Captial

A

goods and services provided to humans by natural systems

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2
Q

Keeping ecosystem sustainability means saving:

A

its ingegrity: resilience, processes, biodiversity

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3
Q

Biota

A

responsible for ecosystem structure and maintenance

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4
Q

species of living things that are responsible for ecosystem structure and maintenance

A

Biota

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5
Q

Biological wealth

A

biota plus their ecosystems

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6
Q

What does biological wealth represent

A

a major part of a country’s total wealth

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7
Q

What constitutes biodiversity?

A

the richness of living species

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8
Q

What is the root cause of humans dependence on biological wealth

A

The way we regard and value nature

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9
Q

Challenge for humans

A

for all to gain the understanding that wild species have value that makes it essential to preserve them

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10
Q

Instrumental value

A

a species’ or organism’s existence or use benefits some other entity (more likely to be preserved?, anthropocentric

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11
Q

Anthropocentric

A

beneficiaries are humans

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12
Q

Intrinsic value

A

something has value for its own sake

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13
Q

Categories of Natural Species Value

A
  1. Sources of food and raw materials
  2. Sources of Medicines
  3. Recreational, aesthetic, and scientific value
  4. Value for their own sake (intrinsic)
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14
Q

Genetic bank

A

living things house the gene pools of all living species

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15
Q

What three species provide 50% of global food demands

A

wheat, maize, rice

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16
Q

What happens if wild populations are destroyed?

A

Potential for developing new cultivars is lost

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17
Q

Habitat change

A

has caused 36% of all extinctions (greatest cause of biodiversity loss), through

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18
Q

Support only small numbers and populations of species

A

Fragmentations of habitat

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19
Q

Roadways

A

kill a million animals each day

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20
Q

Edge habitats

A

expose species to predators and nest parasites

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21
Q

Interior habitats and species decrease as

A

edge habitat and species increase

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22
Q

What causes biodiversity loss

A
  1. Simlification of habitats by removing trees and channelizing streams
  2. Intrusion of human structures in habitats
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23
Q

Simplification

A

making natural areas more park-like and reduces diversity

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24
Q

Invasive species

A

thrive, spread, and may eliminate native species by predation or competition

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25
Thrive, spread, and may eliminate native species by predation or competition
invasive species
26
Red imported fire ants
1. kill 20% of songbird babies | 2. cause decline in native species
27
Invasive species
have caused problems for native species since colonists arrived
28
Aquaculture
the farming of shellfish, seaweed, and nfish
29
Free-roaming house cats
kill over a billion mammals and hundreds of millions of birds each year
30
How much do exotics cost the U.S. each year?
$137 billion
31
What are almost all hippo threats caused by?
overpopulation of humans
32
Pollution
destroys or alters habitats, can change abiotic factors
33
Overexploitation
overharvest of a species
34
Trade in exotics
trafficking in wildlife
35
Keystone species
play a vital role in survival of other species
36
Umbrella species
larger animals that need lots of unspoiled habitat
37
Why are most declining species K-selected
they're more vulnerable to rapid envt'l changes
38
What does the loss of keystone species have great negative impacts on?
ecosystems
39
As species become more rare...
the prices of the illegal animals/products rise
40
Conservation biology
focuses on protection of populations and species
41
Taxonomy
the cataloging and naming of species
42
How can individuals help protect biodiversity
1. Personal choices 2. Support non-profits and push for policy actions 3. Push corporations to be more sustainable 4. "Citizen scientists"
43
In the U.S., wildlife resources are what?
public resources
44
Lacey Act (1900)
forbids interstate commerce in illegally killed wildlife
45
The ESA protects endangered species:
in imminent danger of becoming extict if it is not protected
46
Listing
by the appropriate agency, individuals, groups, or state agencies
47
Critical habitat
designated as areas where a species is or could spread as it recovers
48
Recovery plans
designed to allow listed species to survive and thrive
49
The two major causes of extinction
(habitat loss and invasive species) are increasing
50
What groups oppose the ESA
Development, timber, recreational, mining, and other groups
51
would have severely limited species protection, eliminate protection of critical habitat and reduce input of EPA and USFWS
TERSA
52
Success in protecting species
Birds of prey have recovered and been delisted
53
IUCN
monitors successes and failures of conservation efforts
54
CITES
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
55
How often do CITES countires meet?
every 2-3 years
56
Why have some countries applied to CITES?
to resume ivory sales
57
Three objectives of CITES
1. Conservation of biodiversity 2. Sustainable use of biodiversity services 3. Equitable sharing of a nation's genetic resources
58
Hot spots
34 regions making up 2.3% of Earth's land surface and contains 75% of hte most threatened species
59
Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund
Provides grants to NGOs and community-based groups
60
The UN Global Biodiversity Assessments' recommendations
Address the needs of people living next to high-biodiversity areas and involve them
61
Who does the loss of biodiversity most severely affect?
the poorest people in developing nations

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