Chapter 60

Question 1

Inability to coordinate muscle movements, resulting in difficulty in walking, talking, and performing self-care activities.

Answer 1

Ataxia

Question 2

A major transmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 2

Acetylcholine

Question 3

illusion of mlovement in which the individual or the surroundings are sensed as moving

Answer 3

vertigo

Question 4

the site of the hunger center and is involved in appetite control

Answer 4

hypothalamus

Question 5

reflex center for respiration, blood pressure, heart rate, coughing, vomiting, swallowing, sneezing

Answer 5

Medulla

Question 6

An acute, confused state that begins with disorientation and if not recognized and treated early can progress to changes in level of consciousness, irreversible brain damage, and sometimes death.

Answer 6

Delirium

Question 7

Descending tracts that conducts impulses involved with involuntary muscle movement

Answer 7

Rubrospinal and Reticulospinal Tracts

Question 8

act primarily as a relay station for all sensation except smell

Answer 8

Thalami/Thalamus

Question 9

awareness of the position of parts of the body without looking at them (synonym: proprioception)

Answer 9

position (postural) sense

Question 10

Cranial nerves in Pons

Answer 10

Cranial V, VI, VII, and VIII

Question 11

Transmission of information from one side of the brain to the other

Answer 11

corpus collosum

Question 12

Regulate the activities of internal organs such as heart, lungs, blood vessels, digestive organs and glands

Answer 12

Autonomic Nervous System

Question 13

CSF color and specific gravity

Answer 13

Clear & 1.007

Question 14

a neurotransmitter that affects behavior (attention, emotions) and fine movements

Answer 14

dopamine

Question 15

Brain Stem consist of

Answer 15

Midbrain, Pons, Medulla

Question 16

neuron composed of?

Answer 16

Dendrites, cell body, and axon

Question 17

Cranial nerves in Midbrain

Answer 17

Cranial III and IV

Question 18

Ascending tracts that conducts sensory impulses from muscle spindles

Answer 18

anterior and posterior spinocerebellar tracts

Question 19

Descending tracts that conducts impulses responsible for voluntary head and facial muscle movement

Answer 19

Corticobulbar Tract

Question 20

the central nervous system consists of?

Answer 20

Brain and spinal cord

Question 21

Function of frontal lobe

Answer 21

concentration, abstract thought information, information storage, memory and motor function. Affect, judgement, personality and inhibition

Question 22

Descending tracts that is involved in some autonomic functions (sweating, pupil dilation, circulation)

Answer 22

3 vestibulospinal tracts

Question 23

Blockage of the flow of CSF anywhere in the ventricular system

Answer 23

Obstructive Hydrocephalus

Question 24

the function of the nervous system if to?

Answer 24

Control motor, sensory, autonomic, cognitive, and behavioral actiivities

Question 25

Three major extensions of the dura

Answer 25

Falx cerebri,Tentorium, Falx Cerebelli

Question 26

increase in muscle tone at rest charaacterized by increased resistance to passive stretch

Answer 26

rigidity

Question 27

Abnormal movement marked by alternating contraction and relaxation of the muscle occurring in rapid succession

Answer 27

Clonus

Question 28

Cranial nerves in Medulla

Answer 28

Cranial IX, X, XI, XII

Question 29

major transmitter of the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 29

norepinephrine

Question 30

It is a tough, thick, inelastic and gray

Answer 30

Dura Mater

Question 31

An automatic response to stimuli

Answer 31

reflex

Question 32

action of enkephalin, endorphin

Answer 32

excitatory

Question 33

Helps regulate respiration

Answer 33

Pons

Question 34

Excess pressure occurs in the cranial cavity, brain tissue may be compressed

Answer 34

Herniation

Question 35

action of serotonin

Answer 35

inhibitory

Question 36

responsible for control of fine motor movements

Answer 36

Basal Ganglia

Question 37

neurotransmitters are manufactured and stored in

Answer 37

synaptic vesicles

Question 38

Cranial Nerve 1 and 2 are located in

Answer 38

Cerebrum

Question 39

Function of Temporal Lobe

Answer 39

auditory receptive areas, memory sound, understanding language and music

Question 40

what is the action of acetylcholine

Answer 40

usually excitatory; parasympathetic effects sometimes inhibitory (stimulation of heart by vagal nerve)

Question 41

helps control mood and sleep, inhibits pain pathways

Answer 41

Serotonin

Question 42

sustained increase in tension of a muscle when it is passively lengthened or stretched

Answer 42

spasticity

Question 43

Function of Parietal Lobe

Answer 43

analyses sensory information. Awareness of body position in space, size and shape

Question 44

Where does CSF produced?

Answer 44

Choroid Plexus

Question 45

some axons have a _____ _____ that increases speed of conduction.

Answer 45

myelinated sheath

Question 46

responsible for arousal and the sleep-wake cycle

Answer 46

reticular formation

Question 47

what are the two major parts of the nervous system?

Answer 47

central nervous system & peripheral nervous system

Question 48

effects mood and overall activity

Answer 48

norepinephrine

Question 49

The brain is divided into 3 major areas:

Answer 49

Cerebrum, cerebellum and brain stem

Question 50

Regulates the sleep-wake cycle, blood pressure, aggressive and sexual behavior and emotional responses

Answer 50

Hypothalamus

Question 51

Neurotransmitters are released into the

Answer 51

synapse

Question 52

Innermost, thin, transparent layer that hugs the brain closely

Answer 52

Pia mater

Question 53

nerve cell bodies occuring in clusters are called

Answer 53

ganglia or nuclei

Question 54

how many descending tracts?

Answer 54

8

Question 55

a neurotransmitters can either be ___ or _____ activity of the target cell

Answer 55

excite or inhibit

Question 56

action of gamma-aminobutyric acid

Answer 56

inhibitory

Question 57

Wrinkled appearance that is result to many folded layers or convolutions

Answer 57

Gyri

Question 58

division of the autonomic nervous system with predominantly excitatory responses (synonym: the fight or flight” system)

Answer 58

sympathetic nervous system

Question 59

a neurotransmitter that is responsible for pleasurable sensation, inhibits pain tlransmission

Answer 59

enkephalin, endorphin

Question 60

How many ascending tracts

Answer 60

6 ascending tracts

Question 61

Loss of ability to recognize objects through a particular sensory system: may be visual, auditory, or tactile.

Answer 61

Agnosia

Question 62

serves as the center for auditory and visual reflexes

Answer 62

midbrain

Question 63

displaying lack of muscle tone limp,, floppy

Answer 63

flaccidity

Question 64

Control fine movement, balance, and position (postural) sense

Answer 64

Cerebellum

Question 65

parkinson’s disease develops from decreased availability of ____

Answer 65

dopamine

Question 66

test for cerebellar dysfunction that can be done with the patient seated or standing; inability to maintain position for 20 seconds is a positive test

Answer 66

Romberg test

Question 67

Ascending tracts that conduct sensation of deep touch, pressure, vibration, position, passive motion from the same side of the body

Answer 67

Fasciculus cuneatus and Gracilis (Posterior Columns)

Question 68

action of norepinephrine

Answer 68

usually excitatory

Question 69

_______communicate messages from one neuron to another or from a neuron to a target cell

Answer 69

neurotransmitters

Question 70

Portion of the neuron that conducts impulses away from the cell body

Answer 70

Axon

Question 71

Portion of the neuron that conducts impulses toward the cell body

Answer 71

Dendrite

Question 72

Ascending tracts that is responsible for conduction of pain, temperature, proprioception, fine touch, vibratory sense from upper body to brain

Answer 72

anterior and lateral spinothalamic tracts

Question 73

are branch type structures for receiving electrochemical messages

Answer 73

dendrites

Question 74

Function of Occipital Lobe

Answer 74

Visual interpretation and memory

Question 75

what is the basic functional unit of the brain?

Answer 75

Neuron

Question 76

action of dopamine

Answer 76

inhibitory

Question 77

A reflex action of the toes; In adults is indicative of abnormalities in the motor control pathways leading from the cerebral cortex.

Answer 77

Babinski reflec (sign)

Question 78

the peripheral nervous system includes the?

Answer 78

Cranial nerves, spinal nerves, and autonomic nervous system

Question 79

division of the autonomic nervous system active primarily during nonstressful conditions, controlling mostly visceral functions

Answer 79

parasympathetic nervous system

Question 80

Descending tracts that conduct motor impulses to the anterior horn cells

Answer 80

anterior and lateral corticospinal tracts

Question 81

a cluster of cell bodies with the same function is called a

Answer 81

center

Question 82

Weight of the brain

Answer 82

1200g-1400g

Question 83

a thick collection of nerve fibers that connects the two hemispheres of the brain

Answer 83

Corpus Callosum

Question 84

Neurons are supported, protected, and nourished by

Answer 84

glial cells

Question 85

A type of cranial nerve that