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HLSC 220 - Pharmacotherapeutics for Healthcare Professionals > Chapter 61 - Drugs for Thyroid Disorders > Flashcards

Chapter 61 - Drugs for Thyroid Disorders Flashcards

(50 cards)

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1
Q

What do thyroid hormones effect?

A

-metabolism
-cardiac function
-growth
-development

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2
Q

What is the role of the parathyroid gland?

A

maintaining calcium fluid in the ECF

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3
Q

What induces thyroid hormone synthesis?

A

low plasma levels of iodine

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4
Q

What drug mimics T3 (triiodothyronine)?

A

liothyronine

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5
Q

What drug mimics thyroxine (T4)?

A

levothyroxine

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6
Q

The serum TSH test is used to screen and diagnose for ____________?

A

hypothyroidism

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7
Q

Elevates TSH indicates ____________

A

hypothyroidism

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8
Q

What is the preferred measure to monitor thyroid replacement drugs?

A

serum TSH

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9
Q

What does the serum T4 test measure?

A

total T4 or free T4

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10
Q

What is the preferred measure for hyperthyroidism?

A

serum T3 test (total and free)

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11
Q

Myxedema is a form of ______thyroidism in _______

A

hypo; adults

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12
Q

What is the treatment for myxedema?

A

lifelong (usually) replacement hormone therapy

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13
Q

What condition is responsible for hypothyroidism during pregnancy?

A

myxedema

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14
Q

Cretinism is a type of _______thyroidism in _______

A

hypo; infancy

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15
Q

How does hypothyroidism present in adults?

A

-pale, puffy face
-cold, dry skin
-hair loss
-lowered HR
-low temp.
-fatigue
-intolerance to cold
-impaired mentality

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16
Q

What can cause hypothyroidism in adults?

A

-thyroid malfunction
-Hashimoto’s disease
-insufficient iodine in diet
-thyroid removal
-insufficient TSH and TRH

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17
Q

What drugs are used for hypothyroidism?

A

-levothyroxine (most common) T4
-liothyronine T3

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18
Q

How can hypothyroidism affect pregnancy?

A

cause neuropsychologic deficits in the child

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19
Q

How can cretinism affect infants?

A

-intellectual disability
-growth deficit

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20
Q

Graves’ disease is a form of _______thyroidism

A

hyper

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21
Q

What is the most common form of hyperthyroidism?

Study These Flashcards
A

Graves’ disease

22
Q

Toxic nodular goiter aka Plummer’s disease is a form of ______thyroidism

23
Q

What is the cause of Grave’s disease?

Study These Flashcards
A

thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (autoimmune antibodies)

24
Q

What is the treatment of Grave’s disease?

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A

-surgical removal
-TSH suppression
-beta blockers
-nonradioactive iodine

25
What causes thyrotoxic crisis (thyroid storm)?
-stress -not rise in TH's -not identified in lab testing
26
What are the signs of thyroid storm?
-hyperthermia -severe tachycardia -restlessness -agitation -tremor -coma -hypotension -HF
27
What is the treatment for thyroid storm?
-methimazole -beta blocker -sedation -cooling -glucocorticoids -IV fluids
28
What is levothyroxine?
a synthetic form of thyroxine (T4) that is converted to T3 in the body
29
What is levothyroxine used for?
hypothyroidism
30
When is levothyroxine taken?
in the morning - 30-60 mins before breakfast
31
What are the adverse effects of levothyroxine?
-tachycardia -angina -tremors
32
When do peak effects of levothyroxine occur?
3-4 weeks
33
How long do the effects of levothyroxine last?
1-3 weeks but dosed daily
34
How does levothyroxine travel in the blood?
99% protein bound
35
How long does levothyroxine remain in the blood after discontinuation?
3 weeks
36
What is methimazole used for?
hyperthyroidism
37
How does methimazole act?
blocks synthesis of thyroid hormones
38
Does methimazole cross the placenta?
yes
39
Is methimazole used during pregnancy?
no
40
How long does it take for methimazole to take effect?
3-12 weeks
41
What are the adverse effects of methimazole?
-agranulocytosis -hypothyroidism -skin rash -muscle aches -abnormal taste/smell
42
What is the blood work needed for methimazole?
-hepatic -renal -CBC -TSH
43
What are the possible complications of propylthiouracil (for hyperthyroidism)?
-risk of liver failure -agranulocytosis
44
Nursing implications of anti-thyroid meds:
-better tolerated with food -take at same time each day -don't stop abruptly -avoid high iodine foods
45
What is radioactive iodine-131?
a radioactive isotope of stable iodine
46
What does 131I emit?
gamma and beta rays
47
How long does it take for 131I to take full effect?
2-3 months
48
When is 131I used?
grave's disease to destroy thyroid tissue
49
When is 131I used?
with no response to meds
50
When is 131I not used?
pregnancy and lactation

HLSC 220 - Pharmacotherapeutics for Healthcare Professionals (18 decks)

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