Chapter 7+11 Flashcards
(145 cards)
1
Q
The central axis of the body; includes skull bones, auditory ossicles, teeth, hyoid, vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx, ribs, and sternum
A
Axial skeleton
2
Q
The bones of pectoral and pelvic girdles and extremities; includes clavicle, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges, os coxae, femur, tibia, patella, fibula, tarsals, and metatarsals
A
Appendicular skeleton
3
Q
Front portion of skull
A
Frontal bone
4
Q
Passageway for nerves and vessels above orbit
A
Supraorbital foramen
5
Q
Top part of skull, two sides that are separated by sutures
A
Parietal bone
6
Q
On either side of skull, nears the ears, the “temple”
A
Temporal bone
7
Q
Flat part of temporal bone along the side of the cranium, “outside”
A
Squamous portion
8
Q
Forms part of the cranial base and holds the inner and middle ear structures, “inner area”
A
Petrous portion
9
Q
Bony projection for attachment of muscles
A
Mastoid process
10
Q
The thin pointy projection for attachment of muscles
A
Styloid process
11
Q
Canal through the temporal bone for vibrations in air to travel to contact tympanic membrane (ear drum)
A
External acoustic meatus
12
Q
Depression in bone, articulation site for mandibular condyle to form the temporomandibular joint
A
Mandibular fossa
13
Q
The back of the skull
A
Occipital bone
14
Q
Large opening in the base of the skull for passage of spinal cord
A
Foramen magnum
15
Q
Smooth surfaces for articulation with first cervical vertebrae (atlas)
A
Occipital condyles
16
Q
Behind the eyes and below front part of brain, looks like a butterfly
A
Sphenoid bone
17
Q
Larger lateral projections of sphenoid bone
A
Greater wing
18
Q
Flat superior portions of sphenoid
A
Lesser wing
19
Q
Means Turkish saddle, saddle-shaped depression where pituitary gland sits
A
Sella turica
20
Q
Front of nose, part of cranium
A
Ethmoid bone
21
Q
Superior projection into cranial cavity
A
Crista galli
22
Q
Inferior projection that forms superior part of nasal septum
A
Perpendicular plate
23
Q
Divide 4 major bones of skull
A
Sutures
24
Q
Divides parietal and frontal skull
A
Coronal suture
25
Divides left and right parietal skull
Sagittal suture
26
Divides parietal and occipital skull
Lambdoid suture
27
Divides parietal and temporal skull
Squamosal suture
28
Soft spots on an infants skull where bones have not yet fused together; allow for more skull growth during infancy and flexibility during birth
Fontanelles
29
Vertical plate that forms inferior part of nasal septum
Vomer
30
Divides left and right spaces of nasal cavity, formed by perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone and vomer
Nasal septum
31
Jaw/jawbone, upper jaw vertebraes
Maxilla
32
Opening below orbit for nerves and blood vessels to pass
Infraorbital foramen
33
Form hard plates with maxilla, directly behind maxilla
Palatine bones
34
Forms cheek and outer side of eye socket
Zygomatic bone
35
Projections from zygomatic and temporal bones articulate to form this
Zygomatic arch
36
Form bridge of nose
Nasal bones
37
Forms part of eye socket, tears
Lacrimal bone
38
Passageway from lacrimal bone (orbit) to nasal cavity for drainage of tears
Nasolacrimal duct
39
Lower part of jawbone
Mandible
40
Vertical portion of mandible
Ramus
41
Body, horizontal part of mandible that holds the teeth
Corpus
42
Posterior projection from ramus that articulates with mandibular fossa of temporal bone to form temporomandibular joint
Mandibular condyle
43
Anterior projection from ramus
Coronoid process
44
Opening below teeth near chin for nerves and blood vessels
Mental foramen
45
Spaces within bones that surround nasal cavity, produce mucus that drains into nasal cavity
Paranasal sinuses
46
A paranasal sinus, within frontal bone
Frontal sinus
47
A paransal sinus, within maxillae
Maxillary sinus
48
A paranasal sinus, within sphenoid bone
Sphenoid sinus
49
A paranasal sinus, within ethmoid bone
Ethmoid sinus
50
Formed by mandibular fossa of temporal bone and mandibularcondyle of mandible
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
51
Series of 3 tiny bones within temporal bone that attach to tympanic membrane to transmit sounds vibrations to inner ear (cochlea)
Auditory ossicles
52
What are the 3 auditory ossicles?
Malleus, stapes, and incus
53
Sits high in neck, below mandible, does not articulate with any other bone, but is an important bone for neck muscles to attach
Hyoid bone
54
7 small vertebrae found in neck
Cervical vertebrae
55
12 vertebrae in thorax that articulate with ribs
Thoracic vertebrae
56
5 large vertebrae of lower back
Lumbar vertebrae
57
5 vertebrae that have fused together to form one bone, forms part of pelvis
Sacrum vertebrae
58
4 very small vertebrae that have fused to form one bone, vestigial tail
Coccyx
59
Main weight bearing portion of vertebrae
Body
60
Arch of bone from body on vertebrae, formed by pedicles and laminae
Vertebral arch
61
Section between body and transverse process of vertebrae
Pedicle
62
Section between transverse process and spinous process
Lamina
63
Lateral projections from vertebral arch
Transverse process
64
Posterior projection from vertebral process
Spinous process
65
Hole in vertebrae for passage of spinal cord
Vertebral foramen
66
Projections to articulate with adjacent vertebrae
Articular processes
67
Part of cervical vertebrae, spinous process splits into 2 projections
Bifid spinous process
68
Holes within transverse processes of cervical vertebrae
Transverse foramina
69
Articulates with occipital condyles of skull, doesn't have a body, has posterior tubercle rather than a spinous process, part of cervical vertebrae
C1 - atlas
70
Has superior projection calles dens (odontoid process) that articulates with C1, part of cervical vertebrae
C2 - axis
71
Pivot joint between atlas and axis that allows for rotation of head
Atlantoaxial joint
72
Small articular surfaces on vertebral bodies for articulation with ribs, part of thoracic vertebrae
Demifacets
73
Abnormal lateral curvature of spine
Scoliosis
74
Excessive thoracic curvature (hunchback)
Kyphosis
75
Excessive lumbar curvature
Lordosis
76
Posterior end of bone that articulates with vertebral bodies
Head
77
Posterior bump that articulates with transverse processes
Tubercle
78
Groove along inferior surface where nerves and blood vessels travel under bone
Costal groove
79
What are the 3 parts of sternum?
Manubrium, body, and xiphoid
80
Junction of manubrium and body of sternum
Sternal angle
81
Superior part of sternum
Manubrium
82
Middle part of sternum
Body
83
Inferior part of sternum
Xiphoid
84
What's the origin of orbicularis oculi?
Margin of orbit
85
What's the insertion of orbicularis oculi?
Skin surrounding eyelids
86
What's the action of orbicularis oculi?
Closes eyes
87
What's the origin of orbicularis oris?
Maxilla and mandible
88
What's the insertion of orbicularis oris?
Skin surrounding mouth
89
What's the action of obicularis oris?
Purses lips
90
What's the origin of buccinator?
Maxilla and mandible
91
What's the insertion of buccinator?
Orbicularis oris
92
What's the action of the buccinator?
Compresses cheeks, holds food between teeth
93
What's the origin of platysma?
Skin of shoulder and chest
94
What's the insertion of platysma?
Skin of mandible and cheek
95
What's the action of platysma?
Tenses skin of neck
96
The muscles that insert onto the skin in order to move the face and create various expressions, reside in hypodermis layer of skin
Muscles of facial expression
97
The muscles that move mandible to masticate food; include temporalis, masseter, medial + lateral pterygoid muscles
Muscles of mastication
98
What's the origin of massester?
Zygomatic arch
99
What's the insertion of masseter?
Lateral surface of mandibular ramus and angle
100
What's the action of masseter?
Elevates and protects mandible
101
What's the origin of temporalis?
Lateral side of neurocranium
102
What's the insertion of temporalis?
Coronoid process of mandible
103
What's the action of temporalis?
Elevates and retracts mandible
104
What's the origin of sternocleidomastoid?
Manubrium and clavicle
105
What's the action of sternocleidomastoid?
Unilaterally-ipsilaterally side bends the neck and contralaterally rotates the head, bilaterally-flexes neck
106
What does bilateral mean?
Muscles on both side contract
107
What does unilateral mean?
Muscle on one side contracts
108
What does ipsilateral mean?
Move toward same side
109
What does contralateral mean?
Move towards opposite side
110
Shortening, spasm, or fibrosis of sternocleidomastoid
Torticollis
111
What's the origin of infrahyoid muscles?
Sternum and scapula
112
What's the insertion of infrahyoid muscles?
Hyoid bone
113
What's the action of infrahyoid muscles?
Depresses or stabilizes hyoid
114
What's the origin suprahyoid muscles?
Mastoid and styloid processes, hyoid
115
What's the insertion of suprahyoid muscles?
Mandible
116
What's the action of suprahyoid muscles?
Elevate hyoid, depresses mandible when infrahyoid muscles stabilize hyoid bone
117
What's the origin of erector spinae?
Spinous process, sacrum, and ilium
118
What's the insertion of erector spinae?
Vertebrae and ribs
119
What's the action of erector spinae?
Extends the spine, maintains posture
120
What's the origin of rectus abdominis?
Pubic bone
121
What's the insertion of rectus abdominis?
Xiphoid process and inferior ribs
122
What's the action of rectus abdominis?
Flex trunk, compresses abdomen
123
White line down the middle of the rectus abdominis, attachment site for all abdominal muscles except rectus abdominis
Linea alba
124
What's the origin of external oblique?
Inferior ribs
125
What's the action of external oblique?
Flex and rotate trunk, compress abdomen
126
Fibers directed down and in, most superficial layer of abdominal wall
External oblique
127
Fibers directed up and in, second muscle layer of abdominal wall
Internal oblique
128
What's the origin of internal oblique?
Iliac crest
129
What's the insertion of internal oblique?
Linea alba
130
What's the action of internal oblique?
Flex and rotate trunk, compresses abdomen
131
Fibers directed side to side, deepest muscle layer of abdominal wall
Transverseus abdominis
132
What's the origin of transversus abdominis?
Inferior ribs and iliac crest
133
What's the insertion of transversus abdominis?
Linea alba
134
What's the action of transversus abdominis?
Rotate trunk, compresses abdomen
135
What's the origin of quadratus luborum?
Iliac crest
136
What's the insertion of quadratus luborum?
Inferior ribs
137
What's the action of quadratus luborum?
Extend vertebral column and elevate hip
138
What's the origin of respiratory diaphragm?
Internal surface of ribs, xiphoid process, lumbar vertebrea
139
What's the insertion of respiratory diaphragm?
Central tendon
140
What's the action of respiratory diaphragm?
Diaphragm flattens for inhalation
141
What's the origin of intercostal muscles?
Ribs
142
What's the insertion of intercostal muscles?
Adjacent ribs
143
What's the action of intercostal muscles?
Assists with respiration
144
Superficial layer of intercostal muscle, down and in
External intercostals
145
Deeper layer of intercostal muscle, down and out
Internal intercostals
