Chapters 8 +12 Flashcards
(242 cards)
1
Q
What are the bones of upper extremity?
A
Pectoral girdle (scapula + clavicle) and upper limb (phalanges, metacarpals, radius/ulna, humerus)
2
Q
Formed by clavicle and scapula and is a connection of the upper limb to axial skeleton
A
Pectoral girdle
3
Q
Strut between sternum and acromial process of scapular
A
Clavicle
4
Q
Movements of the scapula
A
Elevation/depression + abduction/adduction
5
Q
Ridge of bone on posterior side of scapula
A
Spine of scapula
6
Q
Process at the end of the spine of the scapula
A
Acromial process
7
Q
Anterior projection from superior scapula
A
Coracoid process
8
Q
Depression above spine
A
Supraspinous fossa
9
Q
Depression below spine
A
Infraspinous fossa
10
Q
Depression on anterior side of scapula
A
Subscapular fossa
11
Q
Depression on lateral side of scapula, articulates with humerus to form shoulder
A
Glenoid fossa
12
Q
Bone of arm
A
Humerus
13
Q
Articulates with scapula to form shoulder joint
A
Head
14
Q
Projection on superior, lateral side of humerus
A
Greater tubercle
15
Q
Projection on superior, anterior side of humerus
A
Lesser tubercle
16
Q
Groove between greater and lesser tubercles
A
Intertuberclar groove
17
Q
Insertion site for deltoid muscle
A
Deltoid tuberosity
18
Q
Medial articular surface at distal end of humerus
A
Trochlea
19
Q
Lateral articular surface at distal end of humerus
A
Capitulum
20
Q
Projection of bone above trochlea
A
Medial epicondyle
21
Q
Projection of bone above capitulum
A
Lateral epicondyle
22
Q
Depression on posterior, distal end of humerus
A
Olecranon fossa
23
Q
Lateral bone of forearm
A
Radius
24
Q
Articulates with capitulum of humerus, part of radius
A
Head
25
Rough bump of bone at proximal end of radius
Radial tuberosity
26
Narrow projection of bone at distal end
Styloid process
27
Medial bone of forearm
Ulna
28
Projection of bone at proximal end of ulna
Olecranon process
29
Articular surface of ulna that forms elbow joint with trochlea of humerus
Trochlear notch
30
Narrow projection of bone at distal end of ulna
Styloid process
31
Dense connective tissue connecting shafts of radius and ulna
Interosseous membrane
32
Two rows of 4 bones at wrist, included scaphoid, lunate, triquetral, pisiform, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
Carpals
33
Five long bones in palm of hand
Metacarpals
34
Finger bones, each finger has 3 phalanges (proximal, intermediate, and distal) except thumb only has two (proximal and distal)
Phalanges
35
Glenohumeral joint, between glenoid fossa of scapula and head of humerus, surrounded by ligaments and rotator cuff muscles for support
Shoulder joint
36
What are the movements at the shoulder joint?
Medial rotation-lateral rotation, abduction-adduction, flexion-extension
37
Between trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of ulna, hinge joint/uniaxial
Elbow joint
38
What movement is at the elbow joint?
Flexion-extension
39
Between radius and ulna, has two articulations (proximal and distal), pivot joint/uniaxial
Radioulnar joint
40
What movement is at the radioulnar joint?
Supination-pronation
41
Radiocarpal joint, between distal radius and carpals, condylar joint/biaxial
Wrist joint
42
What movement is at the wrist joint?
Flexion-extension, abduction-adduction
43
Between metacarpals and phalanges, condylar joints/biaxial
Metacarpophalangeal joints
44
What movements are at metacarpophalangeal joints?
Flexion-extension, abduction-adduction
45
Between phalanges, two joints in digits 2-5 and only one in thumb, hinge joints/uniaxial
Interphalangeal joints
46
What movements are at interphalangeal joints?
Flexion-extension
47
Muscles that move scapula (trapezius, rhomboids, levator scapulae, pectoralis minor, serratus anterior)
Muscles of upper extremity
48
What's the origin of trapzius?
Occipital bone and spinous processes of vertebrae
49
What's the insertion of trapezius?
Scapular spine, acromion, and distal clavicle
50
What's the action of the trapezius?
Elevates, depresses, and adducts scapula
51
What's the origin of the rhomboids?
Spinous process of vertebrae
52
What's the insertion of the rhomboids?
Medial border of scapula
53
What's the action of rhomboids?
Adducts scapula
54
What's the origin of the levator scapulae?
Transverse process of vertebrae
55
What's the insertion of levator scapulae?
Superior angle of scapula
56
What's the action of levator scapulae?
Elevate scapula
57
What's the origin of pectoralis minor?
Ribs
58
What's the insertion of pectoralis minor?
Coracoid process of scapula
59
What's the action of pectoralis minor?
Depresses scapula
60
What's the origin of serratus anterior?
Ribs
61
What's the insertion of serratus anterior?
Medial border of scapula
62
What's the action of serratus anterior?
Abduct scapula
63
What's the origin of pectoralis major?
Sternum and clavicle
64
What's the insertion of pectoralis major?
Greater tubercle of humerus
65
What's the action of pectoralis major?
Flex, adduct arm at shoulder
66
What's the origin of coracobrachialis?
Coracoid process of scapula
67
What's the insertion of coracobrachialis?
Proximal humerus
68
What's the action of coracobrachialis?
Flex and adduct arm at shoulder
69
What's the origin of latissimus dorsi?
Spinous process of vertbrae and iliac crest
70
What's the insertion of latissimus dorsi?
Lesser tubercle of humerus
71
What's the action of latissimus dorsi?
Extend, abduct arm at shoulder
72
What's the origin of teres major?
Inferior angle of scapula
73
What's the insertion of teres major?
Lesser tubercle of humerus (common insertion with latissimus dorsi)
74
What's the action of teres major?
Extend, adduct arm at shoulder
75
What's the origin of deltoid?
Scapular spine, acromion, clavicle
76
What's the insertion of deltoid?
Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
77
What's the action of deltoid?
Abduct, flex, extend arm at shoulder
78
Both on anterior side of arm, flex and adduct the arm at shoulder
Pectoralis major and coracobrachialis
79
Both on posterior side and both extend and adduct the arm at shoulder
Latissimus dorsi and teres major
80
Large muscle that covers over shoulder joint
Deltoid muscle
81
What's the origin of supraspinatus rotator cuff?
Supraspinous fossa of scapula
82
What's the origin of infraspinatus rotator cuff?
Infraspinous fossa of scapula
83
What's the origin teres minor?
Lateral border of scapula
84
What's the insertion of the rotator cuffs?
Greater tubercle of humerus
85
What's the action of supraspinatus rotator cuff?
Abduct arm at shoulder
86
What's the action of infraspinatus and teres minor?
Laterally rotate arm at shoulder
87
What's the origin of subscapularis?
Subscapular fossa of scapula
88
What's the insertion of subscapularis?
Lesser tubercle of humerus
89
What's the action of subscapularis?
Medially rotate arm at shoulder
90
What's the function of the rotator cuffs?
Support the shoulder
91
What muscles are part of the anterior compartment or the forearm?
Biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradioalis
92
What muscles are part of the posterior compartment of the forearm?
Triceps brachii
93
What are the names of the 3 rotators in the forearm?
Pronator teres, pronator quadratus, supinator
94
What's the origin of biceps brachii?
Long head (above glenoid fossa) short head (coracoid process of scapula)
95
What's the insertion of biceps brachii?
Radial tuberosity of radius
96
What's the action of biceps brachii?
Flex forearm at elbow and supinate forearm
97
What's the origin of brachialis?
Distal humerus
98
What's the insertion of brachialis?
Proximal ulna
99
What's the action of brachialis?
Flex forearm at elbow
100
What's the origin of brachioradialis?
Distal, lateral humerus
101
What's the insertion of brachioradialis?
Styloid process of radius
102
What's the action of brachioradialis?
Flex forearm at elbow
103
What's the origin of triceps brachii?
Lateral head (lateral surface of humerus) long head (below of glenoid fossa, medial head)
104
What's the insertion of triceps brachii?
Olecranon process of ulna
105
What's the action of triceps brachii?
Extend forearm at elbow
106
What are the two pronators of forearm?
Pronator teres and pronator quadratus
107
What's the origin of the pronators?
Ulna
108
What's the insertion of pronators?
Radius
109
What's the action of the pronators?
Pronates forearm
110
What's the origin of supinator?
Proximal ulna
111
What's the insertion of supinator?
Proximal radius
112
What's the action of supinator?
Supinates forearm
113
What's the origin of forearm flexors?
Medial epicondyle of humerus, radius, and ulna
114
What's the insertion of forearm flexors?
Carpals, metacarpals, and hand phalanges
115
What's the action of the forearm flexors?
Flex wrist, fingers and thumb
116
What's the origin of the forearm extensors?
Lateral epicondyle of humerus, radius, and ulna
117
What's the insertion of forearm extensors?
Carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges
118
What's the action of the forearm extensors?
Extend wrist, fingers, and thumb; abduct thumb
119
What are the bones and the muscles of the lower extremity?
Pelvic girdle (os coxae) and lower limb (phalanges, metatarsals, femur, tibia + fibula)
120
Formed by 3 fused bones: ilium, ischium, and pubis
Os coxa
121
Superior part of the os coxa (top)
Ilium
122
Posterior part of the os coxa (back)
Ischium
123
Anterior part of the os coxa (front)
Pubis
124
Ridge of bone on top of ilium
Iliac crest
125
Projection at anterior end of iliac crest
Anterior superior iliac spine
126
Project of bone just below anterior super iliac spine
Anterior inferior iliac spine
127
Depression formed by ilium, ischium, and pubis; formed part of hip joint
Acetabulum
128
Top part of the pubic bone
Superior pubic ramus
129
Bottom part of the pubic
Inferior pubic ramus
130
Small bump of bone at medial end of superior pubic ramus
Pubic tubercle
131
Large foramen between ischium and pubis
Obturator foramen
132
Large, rough bump of bone on ischium
Ischial tuberosity
133
Small notch above ischial tuberosity
Lesser sciatic notch
134
Projection of bone between greater and lesser sciatic notches
Ischial spine
135
Large notch between ischial spine and iliac crest
Greater sciatic notch
136
Large depression on medial side of ilium
Iliac fossa
137
Cartilaginous joint between left and right pubic bones
Pubic symphysis
138
Bone of leg
Femur
139
Articulates with the acetabulum of os coxae to form hip joint
Head
140
Projection on proximal, lateral side of femur
Greater trochanter
141
Projection on proximal, medial side of femur
Lesser trochanter
142
Ridge of bone along posterior side of shaft
Linea aspera
143
Small bump above medial epicondyle
Adductor tubercle
144
Medial articular surface at distal end of femur, articulates with tibia
Medial condyle
145
Projection of bone above medial condyle
Medial epicondyle
146
Projection of bone above lateral condyle
Lateral epicondyle
147
Largest sesamoid in body, grows inside tendon for quadriceps, articulates with femur
Patella
148
Lateral bone of the leg
Fibula
149
Part of the fibula that articulates with the lateral side of proximal tibia
Head
150
Part of the fibula that is a projection of bone at the distal end
Lateral malleolus
151
Medial bone of the leg
Tibia
152
Part of the tibia that is an anterior projection of bone at the proximal end
Tibial tuberosity
153
Part of the tibia that is a projection of bone at distal end
Medial malleolus
154
Dense connective tissue connecting shafts of tibia and fibula
Interossesous membrane
155
Set of 7 bones of proximal foot; includes talus, calcaneus, navicular, cuboid, 3 cuneiforms
Tarsals
156
Five long bones in foot
Metatarsals
157
Toe bones, each toe has 3 except the big toe
Phalanges
158
Between distal femur and proximal tibia, hinge joint/uniaxial, largest synovial joint of body
Hip joint
159
What movements take place at the hip joint?
Medial rotation, lateral rotation, and flexion-extension
160
Between distal femur and proximal tibia, hinge joint/uniaxial, largest synovial joint of body
Knee joint
161
What are the internal ligaments of the knee?
Anterior cruciate ligament and posterior cruciate ligament
162
What are the external ligaments of the knee?
Medial collateral ligament and lateral collateral ligament
163
What is the cartilage of the knee?
Medial meniscus and lateral meniscus
164
What is the movement of the knee?
Flexion-extension
165
What is an unhappy triad?
Blow to lateral knee that results in a torn medical meniscus, ACL, or MCL
166
Between distal tibia, fibula, and talus; has two articulations (proximal and distal); condylar joint/biaxial
Ankle joint
167
What are the movements of the ankle joint?
Flexion-extension (plantar flexion) and inversion-eversion (dorsiflexion)
168
Between metatarsals and phalanges; condylar joints and biaxial
Metatarsophalangeal joints
169
What are the movements of the metatarsophalangeal joints?
Flexion-extension and abduction-adduction
170
Between phalanges, two joints in digits 2-5 but only 1 in the big toe; hinge joint/uniaxial
Interphalangeal joints
171
What is the movement at the interphalangeal joints?
Flexion-extension
172
What are the 3 compartments the muscles that move the thigh?
Abdomen, gluteal region, and medial compartment
173
What muscles are part of the abdomen compartment?
Psosas major and iliacus
174
Originate from within abdomen and have a common tendon (iliopsoas tendon) that inserts onto lesser tubercle
Psoas major and iliacus
175
What's the origin of the psoas major?
Transverse process of lumbar vertebrae
176
What's the origin of the iliacus?
Iliac fossa of ilium
177
What's the insertion of the psoas major and the iliacus?
Lesser trochanter of femur
178
What's the action of the psoas major and the iliacus?
Flex thigh at hip
179
What's the origin of gluteus maximus?
Iliac crest and sacrum
180
What's the insertion of gluteus maximus?
Linea aspera and iliotibical band
181
What's the action of the gluteus maximus?
Extend thigh at hip
182
What's the origin of gluteus medius and minimus?
Ilium
183
What's the insertion of gluteus medius and minumus?
Greater trochanter of femur
184
What's the action of gluteus medius and minimus?
Abduct thigh at hip
185
What's the order of the gluteal region?
(superficial to deep) gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, and gluteus minimus
186
What's the order of the medial compartment of thigh?
(superficial to deep) adductor longus, adductor brevis, and adductor magnus
187
What's the origin of the gracilis?
Pubis
188
What's the insertion of gracilis?
Medial, proximal tibia
189
What's the action of the gracilis?
Adduct thigh at hip
190
What's the origin of adductor magnus, locus, and brevis?
Pubic and ischium
191
What's the insertion of adductor magnus, locus, and brevis?
Linea aspera (magnus is also tubercle)
192
What's the action of adductor magnus, locus, and brevis?
Adduct thigh at hip
193
What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh?
Quadriceps, sartorius, and tensor fasciae latae
194
What are the muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh?
Hamstrings
195
Found on anterior, lateral thihgh
Tensor fasciae latae
196
What's the origin of the tensor fasciae latae?
Iliac crest
197
What's the insertion of the tensor fasciae latae?
Lateral tibia via iliotibial band
198
What's the action of the tensor fasciae latae?
Abduct thigh at hip, tenses IT band to stabilize hip and knee joints
199
What's the origin of sartorius?
Anterior superior iliac spine
200
What's the insertion of sartorius?
Medial tibia - from pes anserinus
201
What's the action of sartorius?
Flexes and laterally rotates thigh at hip, flexes leg at knee
202
What are the four heads of the quadriceps?
Rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis
203
What's the origin of rectus femoris?
Anterior inferior iliac spine
204
What's the origin of vastus muscles?
Linea aspera
205
What's the insertion of the quadriceps?
Tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament
206
What's the action of the rectus femoris?
Flex thigh at hip and extend leg at knee
207
What's the action of the vastus muscles?
Extend leg at knee
208
Contains semitendinosus, semimembranous, and biceps femoris
Hamstrings
209
Two heads (long and short), but only long head is considered part of hamstring
Biceps femoris
210
What's the origin of the hamstrings?
semitendinosus, semimembranous, and long head of biceps femoris: ischial tuberosity
short head of biceps femoris: linea aspera
211
What's the insertion of hamstrings?
semitendinosus, semimembranous: proximal, medial tibia
biceps femoris: head of fibula
212
What's the action of hamstrings?
Extend thigh at hip, flex leg at knee
213
Common insertion of sartorius, gracilis, and semtendinosus
Pes anserius
214
What are the 3 compartments of the muscles that move the foot?
Anterior, lateral, and posterior
215
What muscles does the anterior compartment of the muscles that move the foot?
Tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, and extensor digitorum longus
216
Tendons that travel from digits 2-5 in the foot
Extensor digitorum longus
217
Tendon that travels to distal phalanx of big toe
Extensor hallucis longus
218
What's the origin of the extensors in the foot?
Tibia and fibula
219
What's the insertion of tibialis anterior?
1st metatarsal
220
What's the insertion of extensor digitorum longus?
Distal phalanges 2-5
221
What's the insertion of extensor hallucis longus?
Distal phalanx of hallux
222
What's the action of tibialis anterior?
Extend and invert foot at ankle
223
What's the action of extensor digitorum longus?
Extend digits 2-5
224
What's the action of extensor hallucis longus?
Extend hallux and foot
225
What muscles does the lateral compartment of the muscles that move the foot?
Fibularis longus and brevis
226
Travels across plantar side (bottom) of foot to insert all the way to the first metatarsal (of big toe); everts foot
Fibularis longus
227
Inserts on the 5th metatarsal and its action is to evert foot
Fibularis brevis
228
What are the muscles of the posterior superficial group of muscles that move to foot?
Gastrocnemius and soleus
229
Two-headed muscle on posterior leg
Gastrocnemius
230
Flat muscle deep to gastrocnemius
Soleus
231
What are the muscles of the posterior deep group of muscles that move to foot?
Tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis longus, and flexor digitorum longus
232
What's the origin of the gastrocnemius?
Femoral condyles
233
What's the origin of soleus?
Tibia and fibula
234
What's the insertion of calcaneus?
Calcaneus tendon
235
What's the action of the superficial layer of the posterior compartment of the foot?
Plantar-flex foot at ankle
236
What's the origin of the deep layer of the posterior compartment of the foot?
Tibia and fibula
237
What's the insertion of the tibialis posterior?
1st metatarsal
238
What's the insertion of flexor digitorum longus?
Distal phalanges 2-5
239
What's the insertion of flexor hallucis longus?
Distal phalanx of hallux
240
What's the action of tibialis posterior?
Flex and invert foot at ankle
241
What's the action of flexor digitorum longus?
Flex digits 2-5 and foot
242
What's the action of flexor hallucis longus?
Flex hallux and foot
