Chapter 7

Question 1

Name the blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to the lungs

Answer 1

Pulmonary artery

Question 2

Name the blood vessels that carry blood from the lungs to the heart

Answer 2

pulmonary artery

Question 3

Name the blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to the rest of the body

Answer 3

veins

Question 4

Name the blood vessels that carry blood from the body cells to our heart

Answer 4

veins

Question 5

Why does our body need oxygen

Answer 5

Oxygen helps organisms grow, reproduce, and turn food into energy.

Question 6

What are two substances that are excreted from the body

Answer 6

carbon dioxide from cellular respiration , urea

Question 7

Why do we have two bronchi

Answer 7

to connect to the lungs from the trachea

Question 8

Suggest why we have so many alveoli

Answer 8

To maximise the efficacy of gas exchange in the lungs by increasing the surface area to volume ratio.

Question 9

State two ways in which the structure of the alveolus is adapted to allow for gas exchange.

Answer 9

Moist walls - gases dissolve in the moisture helping them to pass across the gas exchange surface. Permeable walls - allow gases to pass through

Question 10

Inhaled air contains lots of dust and disease-causing organisms. Suggest one way that these unwanted materials are prevented from entering the alveoli.

Answer 10

Cilia propel a liquid layer of mucus that covers the airways

Question 11

Name the gas that passes from the alveoli into the blood.

Answer 11

oxygen

Question 12

What part of the blood does oxygen enter?

Answer 12

Red blood cells

Question 13

Name an excretory product that passes from the blood into the alveoli.

Answer 13

Carbon dioxide

Question 14

By what process do gases pass into and out of the alveoli?

Answer 14

Diffusion

Question 15

What is the normal concentration of carbon dioxide in the air?

Answer 15

400–1,000 ppm

Question 16

Why does exhaled air contain more carbon dioxide than inhaled air?

Answer 16

because the carbon dioxide produced during respiration is removed out of the body as the exhaled air during the process of respiration.

Question 17

Why is the breathing rate of an infant greater than that of an adult?

Answer 17

because they have smaller lungs (lower lung volume) than adults, and therefore have less physical space to exchange gases

Question 18

Name three tubes that air passes through as it travels from our mouth to our lungs.

Answer 18

main-stem bronchi.

Question 19

Does inhaled air have a higher or lower concentration of oxygen than exhaled air?

Answer 19

The amount of inhaled air contains 21% oxygen and 0.04% carbon dioxide, while the air we breathe out contains 16.4% of oxygen and 4.4% of carbon dioxide.

Question 20

Gases pass through the walls of our alveoli by a process called

Answer 20

Diffusion

Question 21

What gas combines with glucose in our cells to supply us with energy?

Answer 21

Carbon dioxide

Question 22

When we breathe we draw air into our —————— where the oxygen
in the air is passed into our blood.

Answer 22

Lungs

Question 23

Inhale

Answer 23

To breathe in oxygen

Question 24

Exhale

Answer 24

To breathe out

Question 25

Respiration

Answer 25

The action of breathing

Question 26

Excretion

Answer 26

The process of eliminating waste or matter

Question 27

Trachea

Answer 27

The airway that leads from the larynx (voice box) to the bronchi (large airways that lead to the lungs). Also called windpipe.

Question 28

Bronchus

Answer 28

A large airway that leads from the trachea (windpipe) to a lung.

Question 29

Bronchiole

Answer 29

A tiny branch of air tubes in the lungs.

Question 30

Alveolus

Answer 30

Tiny air sacs at the end of the bronchioles

Question 31

Diaphragm

Answer 31

the major muscle of respiration