Chapter 7 Flashcards
What is social influence?
Process where attitudes, perceptions and behaviours can be influenced by the real or implied presence of others.
What is an example of social influence?
Compliance in public (acting to perceived norms) while privately disagreeing.
What are the four conditions which must be met for a social group to form?
- Two or more individuals or ‘members’
- Must interact with each other
- Must influence each other (thoughts or behaviours)
- Common goal or purpose shared by group
What is culture?
Way of life of a particular society or community which sets it apart from others.
What is status?
Perception of individual’s position and contribution within group, as perceived by members of the group.
Someone’s position in a group as percieved by others
What is power?
Extent an individual influences or controls another’s thoughts, feelings and behaviours.
Can be exerted consciously or unconsciously.
What are the 6 types of power?
- Reward
- Coercive
- Legitimate
- Referent
- Expert
- Informational
What is reward power?
Power through control over rewards
- give positive or remove negative consequences in response to specific behavior.
What is coercive power?
Power through control over punishments or other force
- give negative or remove positive consequences in response to behavior
What is legitimate power?
Power though right to require ad demand obedience.
- status or group in society or institution gives them a RIGHT (authority) to exercise power.
What is referent power?
Power through respect
- Individuals attracted to, respect, identity with or want to be liked by this person
What is expert power?
Power through superior abilities
- Have special knowledge or skills that are desirable or needed.
What is informational power?
Power through access to and use of informational resources
- Have access to info relevant to situation and not available elsewhere.
What is a role?
A behaviour adopted by individual or assigned to them and influences how they function or act.
What is groupthink?
Way of thinking by group members, characterised by a strong tendency to seek agreement.
How can groupthink be prevented?
- Alert group members
- Appoint impartial leader
- use of subgroups
- challenge views with outside experts.
What is group polarisation?
After discussion, holding more extreme views, causing group to respond in more extreme ways.
What is deindividuation?
Reduced self-restraint and self-consciousness which explains extreme behaviour in groups or crowds.
How does anonymity have an effect in groups or crowds?
Can incite members to behave certain ways, making them unidentifiable.
- when people feel ‘invisible’, less accountable for actions and may choose to act with majority.
Can act in ways they would not
When does obedience occur?
Occurs when following commands of someone with authority, or rules, or laws of society.
Interchangeable with compliance
What are the two types of obedience?
Constrictive and destructive obedience
What is constructive obedience?
Compliance with orders of authority, resulting in positive outcomes
What is destructive compliance?
Compliance with orders from authority, resulting in negative outcomes.
Why do people obey?
Social proximity, legitimacy of authority figure, group pressure.
