Chapter 7 Flashcards
The younger the person, the faster the pulse rate and respirations.
TrueFalse
True
Toddlers begin to recognize gender differences by observing their role model.
TrueFalse
True
The head accounts for 15% of a neonate’s body weight.
TrueFalse
False
The Moro reflex occurs when something touches an infant’s cheek.
TrueFalse
False
Infants younger than 6 months are particularly prone to nasal congestion.
TrueFalse
True
Why is a neonate’s head more “moldable”?
Calcium growth in bones has not yet begun.
Fontanelles have not yet fused to form the skull.
The brainstem is less rigid.
There is more space between the skull and the brain.
Fontanelles have not yet fused to form the skull
Congenital abnormalities are the leading cause of death in which age group?
Neonates
Toddlers
Adolescents
Older adults
neonates
At what stage do vital signs begin to level off within adult ranges?
Neonate
Preschool
School age
Adolescent
Adolescent
Which of the following conditions is an infant most likely to have?
Disk compression in the spinal column
Loss of passive immunity
Airway obstruction
Atherosclerosis
Airway obstruction
Which age group is most likely to suffer from diabetes?
Infants
Adolescents
Middle adults
Older adults
Older adults
Which of the following statements is true about the physiology of older adults?
The filtration function of the kidneys decreases and the size of the kidneys increases.
The metabolic rate in the older brain does not change.
Vital capacity is at its highest in older adults.
Older adults require more sleep than younger adults.
The metabolic rate in the older brain does not change
Which of the following should be expected when you assess a 76-year-old patient’s pupils?
Slower pupillary reaction
Vision deficit
Fixed, dilated pupils
Unequal pupils
Slower pupillary reaction
Which of the following affects vital signs the most in older adults?
Patient’s immune system
Overall health of the patient
Patient’s cardiovascular system
Patient’s diet
Overall health of the patient
Which life stage is apt to be characterized by antisocial behavior and peer pressure?
Toddler
Adolescent
Early adult
Middle adult
Adolescent
Changes in which of the following body systems can result in the most debilitating of age-related illnesses?
Nervous
Renal
Sensory
Endocrine
Nervous
A young child age 1 month to 1 year.
infant
An infant reflex in which the infant starts sucking when his or her lips are stroked.
sucking reflex
The average number of years a person can be expected to live.
life expectancy
An adult age 61 years or older.
older adult
A young person age 12 to18 years
adolescent
A child age 3 to 6 years.
preschooler
A type of reasoning in which a child acts almost purely to avoid punishment or to get what he or she wants.
preconventional reasoning
A type of reasoning in which a child looks for approval from peers and society.
conventional reasoning
The stage of development from birth to approximately 18 months of age, during which infants gain trust in their parents or caregivers if their world is planned, organized, and routine.
trust versus mistrust
A disorder in which cholesterol and calcium build up inside the walls of the blood vessels, forming plaque, which eventually leads to a partial or complete blockage of blood flow.
atherosclerosis
A person who is 6 to 12 years of age.
school age
An infant reflex in which, when an infant is caught off guard, the infant opens his or her arms wide, spreads the fingers, and seems to grab at things.
Moro reflex
A type of reasoning in which a child bases decisions on his or her conscience.
postconventional reasoning
A child age 1 to 3 years
toddler
An infant reflex that occurs when something is placed in the infant’s palm; the infant grasps the object.
palmar grasp reflex
A newborn age birth to 1 month
neonate
The basic filtering units in the kidneys.
nephrons
A young adult age 19 to 40 years.
early adult
Areas where the neonate’s or infant’s skull has not fused together; usually disappear at approximately 18 months of age.
fontanelles
An adult age 41 to 60 years.
middle adult
Injury caused by pressure to enclosed body surfaces, for example, from too much pressure in the lungs.
Barotrauma
When providing bag-mask ventilations to an infant, what is most important to remember?
Blood pressure typically increases with age.
An infant’s lungs are fragile.
An infant grows at a rate of about 30 g per day.
An infant has a proportionately larger tongue than an adult.
An infants lungs are fragile
You see an infant capable of reaching out to people and drooling. She is most likely:
2 months of age.
3 months of age.
4 months of age.
5 months of age.
4 months of age.
An infant who is repeatedly rejected experiences what type of attachment?
Secure attachment
Anxious-avoidant attachment
Trust and mistrust
Rejection attachment
anxious-avoidant attachment
Why do colds develop so easily in toddlers and preschoolers?
They experience a loss of passive immunity.
They do not have well-developed lung musculature.
They are spending a lot of time around playmates and classmates.
All of the above
All of the above
The pulse rate of a toddler is:
80 to 140 beats/min
90 to 150 beats/min
90 to 180 beats/min
100 to 160 beats/min
90 to 150 beats/min
A school-age child looking for approval from his peers and society is demonstrating what kind of reasoning?
Preconventional reasoning
Conventional reasoning
Postconventional reasoning
Trust and mistrust
Conventional reasoning
Self-concept is:
our perception of ourselves.
how we feel about ourselves.
how we fit in with peers.
how we react to certain situations.
our perception of ourselves.
Why should you be concerned about a 16-year-old patient who seems depressed?
She could be exhibiting rebellious behavior.
She has just finished her growth spurt and may be disappointed in the results.
Adolescents are at a higher risk for suicide.
She may be having unprotected sex.
Adolescents are at a higher risk for suicide.
Why do finances become an issue during middle adulthood?
Middle adults are often supporting both their children and their parents.
Middle adults make less money than early adults.
Their deteriorating health makes it difficult to get to work.
Hearing loss prevents them from working.
Middle adults are often supporting both their children and their parents.
Why is breathing more labor intensive for the elderly?
The size of the airway increases, and the surface area of the alveoli decreases.
The natural elasticity of the lungs decreases.
The overall strength of the intercostal muscles and the diaphragm decreases.
All of the above
All of the above
- An infant or small child’s airway can be occluded if it is overextended or overflexed because:
the occiput is proportionately large and the trachea is flexible.
- At what age does separation anxiety typically peak in infants and small children?
10 to 18 months
- Breathing is often more difficult in older adults because the:
elasticity of the lungs decreases.
- Factors that contribute to a decline in the vital capacity of an elderly patient include all of the following, except:
increased surface area available for air exchange
- In contrast to secure attachment, anxious-avoidant attachment occurs when a child:
shows little emotional response to a parent or caregiver following repeated rejection.
- In preconventional reasoning, children:
act almost purely to avoid punishment and to get what they want.
- The average pulse rate of persons between 19 and 40 years of age is typically:
70 beats/min
- The human body should be functioning at its optimal level between the ages of:
19 and 25 years.
- The pulse rate of a child from ages 6 to 12 years is approximately:
70 to 120 beats/min
- Which of the following are noticeable characteristics of a 9-month-old infant?
Places objects in the mouth, pulls himself or herself up
- Which of the following is an anatomic difference between children and adults?
An infants tongue is proportionately larger than an adults tongue.
- Which of the following is not a common factor that would affect a 75-year-old patient’s vital signs?
Increased weight
- Which of the following statements regarding age-related changes in the nervous system is correct?
Interconnections between brain cells often prevent a loss of knowledge or skill, despite a loss of neurons.
- Which of the following statements regarding an infants vital signs is correct?
An infants normal body temperature is typically higher than a preschoolers normal body temperature
- Which of the following statements regarding middle adults is correct?
Cardiovascular health becomes an issue in this age group, as does the greater incidence of cancer.
- Which of the following statements regarding psychosocial development in the adolescent age group is correct?
antisocial behavior and peer pressure peak around 14 to 16 years of age.
- Which of the following statements regarding toddlers and preschoolers is correct?
Toddlers and preschoolers commonly experience upper respiratory infections because of the loss of passive immunity.
- You are assessing a 13-month-old female who is running a fever and has been vomiting. While you are performing your physical examination on this child, you will most likely find that she:
responds to her name but s fearful of your presence.
