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Biol235 Quiz 2 > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

(93 cards)

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1
Q

Axial skeleton

A

Skull: cranium (8) face (14)
Hyoid bone (1)
Auditory ossicles (6)
Vetebral column (24)
Sacrum coccyx
Thorax: sternum (1) ribs (24)

80 total

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2
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

Clavicle
Scapula
Upper limbs
Pelvic girdle
Lower limbs

126

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3
Q

Long bones

A

Slight curve, mostly compact in diaphyses more spongy in epiphyses

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4
Q

Short bones

A

Cube like spongy bone except surface that is compact
Wrist

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5
Q

Flat bones

A

Thin, composed of two parallel plates of compact bone enclosing spongy
For protection/muscle attachment
Cranial, sternum, ribs, scapulae

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6
Q

Irregular bones

A

Complex shapes carrying spongy/compact
Vertebrae facial hip calcaneus

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7
Q

Sesamoid bones

A

Develop in certain tendons where friction/tension/stress, vary in number per person, not always completely ossified, usually few mm
Protect tendons, change direction of pull of a tendon=improves mechanics at joint
Patellae

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8
Q

Sutural bones

A

Small homes in sutures between certain cranial bones
Varies in number per person

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9
Q

Depressions and openings

A

Sites allowing the passage of soft tissue or formation of joints

Fissure
Foremen
Fossa
Sulcus
Meatus

Four flamingos fight springy mammals

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10
Q

Fissure

A

Narrow slit between adjacent parts of bone through which nerve/BV pass

Superior orbital fissure of sphenoid bone

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11
Q

Foramen

A

Opening through which BV/nerves/ligaments pass

Optic foramen of sphenoid bone

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12
Q

Fossa

A

Shallow depression

Coronoid fossa of humerus

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13
Q

Sulcus

A

Furrow along bone surface that accommodates BV nerve or tendon

Intertubercular sulcus of humerus

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14
Q

Meatus

A

Tubelike opening

External auditory Meatus of temporal bone

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15
Q

Processes

A

Projections or outgrowths on bone that form joints or attachment points for connective tissue (ligaments tendons)

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16
Q

Processes forming joints

A

Condyle
Facet
Head

Crows fight hedgehogs

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17
Q

Condyle

A

Large round protuberance with smooth articular surface at end of bone

Lateral Condyle of femur

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18
Q

Facet

A

Smooth flat slightly concave or convex articular surface

Superior articular facet of vertebra

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19
Q

Head

A

Usually rounded articular projection supported on neck of bone

Head of femur

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20
Q

Processes forming attachment points for connective tissue

A

Crest
Epicondyle
Line
Spinous process
Trochanter
Tubercle
Tuberosity

Crows eat like small tiny tidy toads

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21
Q

Crest

A

Prominent ridge or elongated projection

Iliac crest of hip bone

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22
Q

Epicondlye

A

Typically roughened narrow ridge/border

Medial epicondyle of femur

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23
Q

Line

A

Long narrow ridge or border less prominent than crest

Linea apsera of femur

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24
Q

Spinous process

A

Sharp slender projection

Spinous process of vertebra

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25
Trochanter
Very large projection Greater trochanter of femur
26
Tubercle
Variably sized rounded projection Greater tubercle of humerus
27
Tuberosity
Variably sized projection that has a rough bumpy surface Ischial tuberosity of hip bone
28
Components of skull
22 bones Cranial (8) Facial (14)
29
Frontal bone
Not paired Forms for head roof of orbits, anterior of cranial floor Two sides of frontal bone are joined by metopic suture soon after birth Frontal squama: forehead Supraobirtal margin (thickened frontal at superior border of orbits) foramen (hole)/ notch (incomplete hole)
30
Frontal sinuses
Deep to frontal squama, mucous membrane lined cavities
31
Parietal bones
Paired Greater portion of sides/roof of cranial cavity Inner surface has many protrusions/depressions=BV supply dura matter
32
Temporal bones
Paired Form interior later aspects of cranium/ part of cranial floor Temporal squama: anterior/superior part of temple Zygomatic process Zygomatic arch Madibular fossa Articular tubercle Temporal mandible joint Mastoid portion: posterior/inferior to external auditory Meatus Mastoid process Internal auditory Meatus Petrous portion: floor of cranial cavity between sphenoid/occipital bone houses internal/middle ear
33
Zygomatic process and parts
On Temporal bones Projects from inferior of squama, articulates with zygomatic bone Zygomatic arch: zygomatic process of temporal bone/temporal process of zygomatic bone Zygomatic fossa: inferior/posterior surface of the zygomatic process Articular tubercle: anterior to mandibular fossa Temporomandubilar joint (TMJ): two above articulate with mandible to form TMJ
34
Mastoid portion and parts
Mastoid processes:rounded projection posterior/inferior to external auditory Meatus attachment for neck muscles External auditory Meatus: opening for facial vestibulocochlear nerve pass
35
Occipital bone
Not paired Forms posterior part/most of cranium Foramen magnum: inferior part of bone Occipital condyles: oval processes with convex surfaces on either side of the foramen magnum External occipital protuberance: midline projection supports head ligament attaches to C7
36
Sphenoid bone
Not paired Middle base of skull behind nasal cavity Sella turcica: saddle shaped in superior Hypophyseal fossa: seat of saddle contains pituitary gland
37
Ethmoid bone
Delicate spongelike bone, anterior of cranial floor, superior of nasal septum most of superior sidewalls of nasal cavity Major supporting structure of nasal cavity
38
Facial bones
Nasal (2) Lacrimal (2) Inferior nasal conchae (2) Palatine bones (2) Vomer (1) Maxillae (2) Zygomatic bones (2) Mandible (1)
39
Nasal bones
Paired Small flattened rectangular bones form bridge Protection/muscle attachment
40
Lacrimal bones
Paired Thin resemble fingernail smallest homes of face Form medial wall of each orbit Lacrimal fossa: vertical tunnel formed with maxilla, houses lacrimal sac(tears)
41
Inferior nasal conchae
Paired Inferior to medial nasal conchae, not part of ethmoid Scroll like form inferior/lateral part of nasal cavity All 3 filter air, only superior has sense of smell
42
Palatine bones
Paired L shaped form posterior of hard palate/part of floor/lateral wall of nasal cavity/part of floor of orbit
43
Vomer
Not paired Triangular on floor of nasal cavity/inferior of nasal septum
44
Maxillae
Paired Form upper jaw articulate with every home but mandible Form part of floor of orbit/lateral walls/floor of nasal cavity/hard palate
45
Hard palate
Bony roof of mouth formed by palatine process/maxillae
46
Maxillary sinus
Emptied into nasal cavity
47
Zygomatic bones
Paired Cheekbones form part of lateral wall/floor of orbits Forms zygomatic arch
48
Mandible
Not paired Lower jawbone largest/stongest/movable Body: horizontal Rami: perpendicular Ramus: angle meets body Condylar process: articulates with mandible fossa/articular tubercle of temporal=TMj
49
Special feature of skull
Nasal septum: divides nasal (vomer, septal cartilage, perpendicular plate of ethmoid) Orbits: eye socket, 3 cranial (frontal sphenoid ethmoid) 4 facial (palatine zygomatic lacrimal maxillae) 5 openings at each Foramina: openings for BV/nerves/ligaments
50
Sutures of skull
Coronal: unites frontal to both parietal Sagittal: unites both parietal on superior midline of skull Lambdoid: unites both parietal to occipital Two squamous: unit parietal/temporal on lateral of skull
51
Paranasal sinuses
Favorited with certain cranial/facial bones near nasal cavity Lined with mucous membrane Secretes into lateral wall of nasal cavity Frontal sphenoid ethmoid maxillae have these Function: increase size not weight increase SA of nasal mucous/quality of voice
52
Fontanels
Mesenchyme filled spaces between cranial bones present at birth, develop into dense connective Function: serve as spacers for growth of neighbouring skull bones/provide flexibility for birth
53
Hyoid bone
U shaped —> horizontal body paired projections between mandible/larynx Doesn’t articulate Suspended from styloid process of the temporal bones by ligaments/muscles Function: support tongue/attachment for tongue neck pharynx muscles
54
How much of height is vetebral colum
2/5
55
What is vertebrae made of
Bone connective tissue
56
What is spinal cord made of
Nervous connective tissue
57
How many vertebra in early development vs adult
33 26
58
Movable vertebrae
7 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar
59
Not movable vertebrae
1 sacrum: 5 fused sacral 1 coccyx: four fused coccygeal
60
Curves of vertebrae
Cervical/lumbar=convex (secondary) Thoracic/sacral=concave (primary) Function: strength,balance, absorb shock, stop fracture
61
When is cervical/lumbar curve created
3 month/hold head=cervical Walk=lumbar
62
Intervertebral discs
Found beneath bodies of adjacent vertebrae Avascular From C2 to sacral 25 percent of height Annulus fibrous: outer ring constituent of Fibrocartilage Nucleus pulposus: inner soft pulpy highly elastic substance Thin disc of hylaine cartilage Function: form strong joints, permit movement, absorb shock
63
Vertebral body
Thick disc shape, weight bearing roughened surfaces for attachment of intervertebral discs, anterior/lateral surface have nutrient foramina for BV
64
Vertebral arch
Short thick project posterially unite with flat laminae
65
Vertebral foramen
Vertebral body/vertebral arch=vertebral foramen=forms vertebral canal
66
Vetebral processes
7 arise from arch Transverse: extends laterally on each side Spinous: spine, projects posterialy from junction of laminae Superior articular: articulate with inferior Inferior articular: articulate superior Facets: articulatroy surfaces of articulating processes
67
Cervical vertebrae Size Foramina Spinous processes Transverse processes Articular facets for ribs Direction of articular facets (sup/inf) Size of intervertebral discs
Smaller than all other except coccyx Larger vertebral arches One vertebral/two transverse foramina Spinouse process: slender bifid Transverse processes: small Articular facts for ribs: absent Direction of Articular facts: Superior: posterosuperior Inferior: anteroinferior Size of intervertebral discs: thick
68
Thoracic vertebrae Size Foramina Spinous processes Transverse processes Articular facets for ribs Direction of articular facets (sup/inf) Size of intervertebral discs
12 Size: larger Foramina: one vertebral Spinous processes: long, fairly thick, project inferiorly Transverse processes: fairly large Articular facets for ribs: present Direction of articular facets (sup/inf): Superior: posterlateral Inferior: anteromedial Size of intervertebral discs:thin
69
Atlas
C1 Ring of bone with anterior posterior arches and lateral masses but no body/spinous process
70
Atlanto-occipital joints
Concave superior articular facets articulate with occipital condyles Move head yes
71
Axis
C2 has body Odontoid process: peg like moves head no Atlanto-axial joint: articulates between anterior arch of atlas and dens of axis
72
C7
Has large spinous process
73
Costal facets
Thoracic Articular surfaces for ribs on transverse processes
74
Vetebrocostal joints
Thoracic Articulations between thoracic vertebrae/ribs
75
Thoracic vertebrae Size Foramina Spinous processes Transverse processes Articular facets for ribs Direction of articular facets (sup/inf) Size of intervertebral discs
5 Size: largest Foramina: one Vetebral Spinous processes: short blunt project posteriorly Transverse processes: large and blunt Articular facets for ribs: absent Direction of articular facets (sup/inf): Superior: medial Inferior: lateral Size of intervertebral discs: thickest
76
Sacrum
Triangular, formed by 5 fused beginning at 16-18 ending at 30 Sacral promontory: anterior projecting border of base=measurement of pelvis Sacrioliac joint: both lateral surface have articular surface that articulates with ilium of hip bone Lumbosacral joint: base of sacrum articulated with body of 5L
77
Coccyx
Triangular, 4 fused between 20-30 Females points inferiorly Males points anteriorly
78
Thorax
Entire chest region
79
Thoracic cage
Bony enclosure formed by sternum ribs costal cartilages bodies of thoracic vertebrae
80
Sternum description
Flat narrow at center of anterior thoracic wall
81
Manubrium
Superior part Fuse at 25 with body xiphoid
82
Body
Middle largest part Fuse with maubrium and xiphoid at 25
83
Xiphoid
Inferior/smallest part consists of hyaline cartilage (ossified at 40) Fuse with manubrium and body at 25
84
Sternal angle
Junction of manubrium/body
85
Superasternal notch
Depression on superior surface of manubrium
86
Clavicular notch
Lateral to suprasternal notch articulate with medial ends of clavicles=sternoclavicular joints
87
Ribs
Increase in size to seven then decrease ( )
88
Costal cartilage
1-7 have direct anterior attachment to sternum by hyaline cartilage True ribs Function: elasticity of thoracic cage, prevent fracture
89
Sternocostal joints
Articulations formed between true ribs/sternum
90
Vetebrochondral ribs
8-10 false ribs attach to one another and then cartilage of 7
91
Floating (vertebral) ribs
11-12 don’t attach to sternum at all, attach posteriorly to thoracic vertebrae
92
Annulus fibrous
Outer edge of intervertebral discs consisting of Fibrocartilage
93
Nucleus pulposus
Nucleus pulposus: inner soft pulpy highly elastic substance

Biol235 Quiz 2 (5 decks)

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