CHAPTER 7

Question 1

3 TYPES OF MUSCLES

Answer 1

SKELETAL
CARDIAC
SMOOTH

Question 2

attached to bones
striated
voluntarily controlled

Answer 2

skeletal

Question 3

located in the heart
striated
involuntarily controlled

Answer 3

cardiac

Question 4

located in blood vessels, hollow organs
non-striated
involuntarily controlled

Answer 4

smooth

Question 5

MUSCULAR SYSTEM FUNCTIONS (7)

Answer 5

1. movement
2. maintain posture
3. respiration
4. production of body heat
5. communication
6. heart beat
7. contraction of organs and vessels

Question 6

Properties of muscles

Answer 6

contractility
excitability
extensibility
elasticity

Question 7

the ability of muscle to shorten forcefully or contract

Answer 7

contractility

Question 8

the capacity of muscle to respond to a stimulus

Answer 8

excitability

Question 9

the ability to be stretched beyond it normal resting length and still be able to contract

Answer 9

extensibility

Question 10

ability of the muscle to recoil to it original resting length after it has been stretched

Answer 10

elasticity

Question 11

constitutes about 40 precent of body weight

Answer 11

skeletal muscles

Question 12

also called as striated muscles because of transverse bands or striations, can be seen in the muscles under the microscope

Answer 12

skeletal muscles

Question 13

Individual muscles are

Answer 13

biceps
brachii

Question 14

a skeletal muscles subdivided into groups of muscle cells

Answer 14

fascicles

Question 15

each skeletal muscles is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath called the

Answer 15

epimysium

Question 16

each fascicles is surrounded by a connective tissue covering

Answer 16

perimysium

Question 17

each skeletal muscle cell (fiber) is surrounded by a connective tissue covering

Answer 17

endomysium

Question 18

a single cylindrical cell with several nuclei located at its periphery

Answer 18

muscle fiber

Question 19

range in length 1cm to 30 cm and are generally 0.15 mm in diameter

Answer 19

muscle fiber

Question 20

contain several nuclei that are located at the periphery of the fiber

Answer 20

skeletal muscle fiber

Question 21

has many tubelike inward folds,called transverse tubules or T tubules

Answer 21

sarcolemma (CELL MEMBRANE)

Question 22

occur at regular intervals along the muscles fiber and extend into the center of the muscle fiber

Answer 22

T tubules

Question 23

The T tubules are associated with enlarged portions
of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 23

sarcoplasmic reticulumm

Question 24

The enlarged portions are called

Answer 24

terminal cisternae

Question 25

T tubules connect the sarcolemma to the terminal cisternae to form a

Answer 25

muscle triad

Question 26

The cytoplasm of a muscle fiber is called

Answer 26

sarcoplasm

Question 27

bundles of protein filaments are called

Answer 27

myofibrils

Question 28

the myofibrils consists of

Answer 28

myofilaments, actin and myosin

Question 29

is a nerve cell stimulates muscle cells

Answer 29

motor neuron

Question 30

is a synapse where a the fiber of a nerve connects with a muscle fiber.

Answer 30

neuromuscular junction

Question 31

refers to the cell-to-cell junction between a nerve cell and either another nerve cell or an effector cell such as in a muscle or a gland

Answer 31

synapse

Question 32

is a group of muscle fibers that a motor neuron stimulates

Answer 32

motor unit

Question 33

is the end of neuron cell axon fiber

Answer 33

presynaptic terminal

Question 34

is the space between the presynaptic terminal and postsynaptic membrane

Answer 34

synaptic celft

Question 35

is the muscle fiber membrane (sarcolemma)

Answer 35

postsynaptic membrane

Question 36

is a vesicle in the synaptic terminal that stores and releases neurotransmitter chemical

Answer 36

synaptic vesicle

Question 37

are chemicals that stimulate or inhibit postsynaptic cells

Answer 37

neurotransmitter

Question 38

is the neurotransmitter that stimulates skeletal muscles

Answer 38

acetylcholine

Question 39

are very energy demanding cells wether at rest or during any form of exercise

Answer 39

muscle fibers

Question 40

is derived from four processes in skeletal muscle

Answer 40

ATP

Question 41

production of ATP during most exercise and normal conditions

Answer 41

aerobic

Question 42

production of ATP during intensive short-term work

Answer 42

Anaerobic

Question 43

called creatine phosphate to ATP

Answer 43

conversion of molecules

Question 44

is a temporary state of reduced work capacity

Answer 44

fatigue

Question 45

4 types of contractions

Answer 45

isometric isotonic concentric eccentric

Question 46

contraction has an increase in muscle tension, but no change in length.

Answer 46

isometric

Question 47

contraction has a change in muscle length with no change in tension.

Answer 47

isotonic

Question 48

contractions are isotonic contractions in which muscle tension increases as the muscle shortens.

Answer 48

concentric

Question 49

contractions are isotonic contractions in which tension is maintained in a muscle, but the opposing resistance causes the muscle to lengthen.

Answer 49

Eccentric

Question 50

is the constant tension produced by body muscles over long periods of time.

Answer 50

muscle tone

Question 51

Each whole muscles is subdivided into numerous visible bundles called

Answer 51

MUSCLE FASCICLES

Question 52

cell membrane of the muscle fiber

Answer 52

SARCOLEMMA

Question 53

separate one sarcoomere from the nest

Answer 53

Z DISK

Question 54

is a network of protien fibers that forms a stationary anchor from actin myofilaments to attach

Answer 54

Z DISK

Question 55

Light straining bands

Answer 55

I BANDS

Question 56

central dark staining band

Answer 56

A BAND

Question 57

contains only myosin myofilaments

Answer 57

H ZONE

Question 58

consists of fine proteins filaments that anchor the myosin myofilaments in place

Answer 58

M LINE