NERVOUS SYSTEM

Question 1

Nervous System Functions

Answer 1

1. Receiving sensory input
2. Integrating information
3. Controlling muscles and glands
4. Maintaining homeostasis
5. Establishing and maintaining mental activity

Question 2

Main Divisions of NS
* brain and spinal cord

Answer 2

CENTRAL NS

Question 3

Main Division of NS
* All the nervous tissue outside the CNS

Answer 3

PERIPHERAL NS (PNS)

Question 4

• Conducts action potentials from sensory receptors
  to the CNS

Answer 4

Sensory division

Question 5

• Conducts action potentials to effector organs, such
  as muscles and glands

Answer 5

Motor Division

Question 6

• Transmits action potentials from the CNS to skeletal
  muscles.

Answer 6

Somatic Nervous System

Question 7

• Transmits action potentials from the CNS to cardiac

Answer 7

Autonomic Nervous System

Question 8

• A special nervous system found only in the digestive
  tract.

Answer 8

Enteric NERVOUS system

Question 9

receive stimuli, conduct action potentials, and
transmit signals to other neurons or effector organs.

Answer 9

NEURONS

Question 10

supportive cells of the CNS and PNS, meaning these
cells do not conduct action potentials. Instead, carry out different functions that enhance
neuron function and maintain normal conditions
within nervous tissue.

Answer 10

Glial Cells

Question 11

A neuron (nerve cell) has a: – which contains a single nucleus

Answer 11

CELL BODY

Question 12

A neuron has a : – which is a cytoplasmic extension from
the cell body, that usually receives information from
other neurons and transmits the information to the
cell body

Answer 12

DENDRITE

Question 13

a NEURON HAS A : which is a single long cell process that leaves
the cell body at the axon hillock and conducts
sensory signals to the CNS and motor signals away
from the CNS

Answer 13

axon

Question 14

neurons have many dendrites and a
single axon.

Most of the neurons within the CNS and nearly
all motor neurons are ___________________

Answer 14

multipolar

Question 15

neurons have two processes: one
dendrite and one axon.

are located in some sensory
organs, such as in the retina of the eye and in
the nasal cavity.

Answer 15

Bipolar

Question 16

neurons have a single process
extending from the cell body, which divides into
two processes as short distance from the cell
body.

Answer 16

pseudo-unipolar

Question 17

are the supportive cells of the CNS and
PNS.

Answer 17

Glial CELLS

Question 18

serve as the major supporting cells in
the CNS.

Answer 18

aSTROCYTES

Question 19

cells line the cavities in the brain
that contains cerebrospinal fluid.

Answer 19

EPENDYMAL

Question 20

Astrocytes can stimulate or inhibit the signaling

activity of nearby neurons and form the _____________

Answer 20

BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER

Question 21

cells act in an immune function in the
CNS by removing bacteria and cell debris.

Answer 21

MICROGLIAL

Question 22

provide myelin to neurons in
the CNS.

Answer 22

OLIGODENDROCYTES

Question 23

cells provide myelin to neurons in the
PNS.

Answer 23

SCHWANN

Question 24

are specialized layers that wrap
around the axons of some neurons, those
neurons are termed, myelinated.

Answer 24

MYELIN SHEATHS

Question 25

are formed by oligodendrocytes in the CNS and Schwann cells in the PNS.

Answer 25

sheaths

Question 26

is an excellent insulator that prevents almost all ion movement across the cell membrane.

Answer 26

Myelin

Question 27

Gaps in the myelin sheath,

Answer 27

nodes of ranvier

Question 28

can occur at the nodes of Ranvier.

Answer 28

ION MOVEMENT

Question 29

is a disease of the myelin sheath that causes loss of muscle function.

Answer 29

MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

Question 30

lack the myelin sheaths.

Answer 30

Unmyelinated axons

Question 31

varies in color due to the abundance or absence of myelinated axons. Nervous tissue exists as gray matter and white matter.

Answer 31

NERVOUS TISSUE

Question 32

matter consists of groups of neuron cell bodies and their dendrites, where there is very little myelin.

Answer 32

gray

Question 33

matter consists of bundles of parallel axons with their myelin sheaths, which are whitish in color.

Answer 33

WHITE

Question 34

always open

Answer 34

leak channels

Question 35

are generally closed until opened by specific signals

Answer 35

gated channels

Question 36

are conducted slowly in unmyelinated axons and more rapidly in myelinated axons.

Answer 36

action potentials

Question 37

This type of action potential conduction

Answer 37

saltatory conduction

Question 38

do not normally remain in the synaptic cleft indefinitely, thus their effects are short duration.

Answer 38

Neurotransmitter

Question 39

An enzyme called _________________ breaks down the acetylcholine.

Answer 39

acetylcholinesterase

Question 40

is either actively transported back into the presynaptic terminal or broken down by enzymes.

Answer 40

Norepinephrine

Question 41

pathway is a simple pathway in which two or more neurons synapse with the same postsynaptic neuron.

Answer 41

converging pathway

Question 42

pathway is a simple pathway in which an axon from one neuron divides and synapses with more than one other postsynaptic neuron.

Answer 42

DIVERGE PATHWAY