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Human bio definitions > Chapter 7 - excretory system > Flashcards

Chapter 7 - excretory system Flashcards

1
Q

Afferent arteriole

A

Blood vessel that enters an organ

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2
Q

Collecting duct

A

Tube in the kidney that collects filtrate from several nephrons

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3
Q

Deamination

A

The removal of the amino group from an amino acid molecule - happens in the liver. Amino group is converted to ammonia which is rapidly combined with CO2 to form urea. Molecule that’s left is converted into a carbohydrate.

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4
Q

Creatinine

A

A waste product from the break down of muscles

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5
Q

Distal convoluted tubule

A

Convoluted tubule after the loop of Henle. The convoluted tubules of several nephrons join at a l collecting duct.

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6
Q

Efferent arteriole

A

The blood vessel that leaves the glomerulus

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7
Q

Excretion

A

Removal of the wastes of metabolism from the body.

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8
Q

Filtrate

A

Fluid remaining after filtration has taken place

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9
Q

Glomerular capsule

A

Double walled cup structure at the end of each kidney tubule that surrounds the glomerulus. collects water and the dissolved substances from the blood

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10
Q

Glomerular filtration

A

Filtration of blood in the kidneys. Happens in the glomerular corpuscle. Fluid is forced out of the blood in the glomerulus and is collected in the glomerular capsule.

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11
Q

Glomerulus

A

Tightly coiled mass of capillaries that are surrounded by the glomerular capsule

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12
Q

Kidneys
- functions
- through

A

Principal excretory organs of the human body. Functions are to rid the body of wastes especially nitrogenous wastes like urea and to regulate the balance of water, salt and pH. Through GF, SR and TS

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13
Q

Liver

A

Organ that is part of the excretory system. Where deamination occurs producing ammonium that is converted to urea as well as a molecule that is converted into a carbohydrate

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14
Q

Excretory system

A

Removes (excretes) waste products and excess substances from the bloodstream to regulate the internal environment. Lungs, skin, urinary sysetm (kidney, Ureters, Urethra, bladder)

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15
Q

Digestive system

A

Breaking down food that can be absorbed in the body as well as eliminating indigestible waste.

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16
Q

Loop of Henle

A

U shaped section of the kidney tubule. Plays a major role in the reabsorption of water and salts from the filtrate.

17
Q

Neprhon

A

Functional unit of the kidney. Where urine is produced through the process of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.

18
Q

Peritubular capillaries

A

Capillaries in the kidney that surround the convoluted tubules of the nephron, loop of Henle and the collecting duct

19
Q

Proximal convoluted tubule

A

First convoluted tubule in the nephron tubule, located between the glomerular capsule and the loop of Henle

20
Q

Renal artery

A

Blood vessel that transports blood to the kidney

21
Q

Renal capsule

A

Tough fibrous layer made of connective tissue that surrounds the kidney

22
Q

Renal column

A

Divides the renal medulla into renal pyramids

23
Q

Renal corpuscle

A

Filtration structure of the nephron composed of the glomerulus and glomerular capsule

24
Q

Renal cortex

A

Outer part of the kidney

25
Q

Renal medulla

A

Inner part of the kidney

26
Q

Renal pelvis

A

Cavity of the kidney that collects urine before it passes to the ureter

27
Q

Renal pyramid

A

Section of the renal medulla

28
Q

Renal tubule

A

Tube in the nephron that leads away from the glomerular capsule and empties into a collecting duct.

29
Q

Renal vein

A

Blood vessel that transports blood away from the kidney

30
Q

Selective reabsorption

A

Reabsorption of some substances and not others in the renal tubules back into the blood stream

31
Q

Tubular secretion

A

Process where ions and drugs are secreted from the blood and into the nephron tubule. Hydrogen ions, potassium ions and drugs like penicillin.

32
Q

Ureter

A

Tube that leaves each kidney and drains into the urinary bladder.

33
Q

Urinary system - composition and responsible for

A

Composed of kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra. Responsible for the secretion of wastes, regulation of blood volume, pH and conc. of other chemicals

34
Q

Urine

A

Fluid produced by the kidneys that contains wastes and excess materials. Main materials in the urine are water urea, uric acid creatinine and salts

35
Q

Function excretory organ - lungs

A

Excreted carbon dioxide that is a waste product produced from cellular respiration

36
Q

Function excretory organ
- liver

A

Important role in processing many substances so they can be excreted

37
Q

Function excretory organ
- skin

A

secreted sweat which contains the by products of metabolism like salts, urea and lactic acid

38
Q

Substances that dont pass through the glomerular filtration barrier

A

Erythrocytes, leucocytes, large proteins

Human bio definitions (8 decks)

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