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Chem Exam 3 > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

Solids have a definite

A

Shape & Volume

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2
Q

Liquids have a definite

A

Volume, but NO Shape

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3
Q

Where are forces the weakest?

A

In between particles & therefore, are allowed to pass each other

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4
Q

Why are liquids & solids not easily compressible?

A

Because the particles are touching each other

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5
Q

Gases have no

A

Shape nor Volume

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6
Q

Are there intermolecular forces between gas particles?

A

No

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7
Q

What are the conversions between solids & a liquid?

A

Melting & Freezing

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8
Q

What is it called when a liquid vaporizes into a gas?

A

Vaporization

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9
Q

What is Sublimation?

A

The conversion of solid directly to a gas

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10
Q

What is it called when a gas converts to a solid?

A

Deposition

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11
Q

What are INTRAmolecular forces?

A

A chemical bond within the molecule

MUCH STRONGER

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12
Q

What are INTERmolecular forces?

A

Attractions between different molecules

Changes make a STATE change

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13
Q

What is the driving force in the formation of chemical bonds?

A

Octet rule, where atoms tend to add, remove, or share electrons to wind up with 8 valence electrons

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14
Q

Which elements have valence shells that contain 8 electrons?

A

Noble gases

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15
Q

Every atom will strive to be

A

Isoelectric to the nearest Nobel gas. which is achieved through ionic & covalent bonding

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16
Q

Elements that are only 1 or 2 atomic numbers away from a noble gas will form

A

An Ion

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17
Q

Which element will give up an electron to form a cation?

A

Metals

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18
Q

Which element acquires an electron or 2 to form an anion?

A

Non-metals

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19
Q

Ionic bonds are formed between

A

Metals & non-metals

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20
Q

Electrons in filled shells are

A

Inert because they represent complete collections of electrons

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21
Q

What is used in the formation of chemical bonds

A

Valence electrons

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22
Q

Ionic bonds results from a

A

Columbic attraction which is the attraction between positive & negative charges

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23
Q

Ionic bonds ae stronger than

A

Covalent bonds

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24
Q

Every ionic compound is a

A

Solid at room temperature & pressure

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25
Electrons behave as
Waves & an orbital is a mathematical function that describes the wave nature on an electron
26
What is mechanical function?
used to calculate the probability of finding an electron in any specific location
27
A decrease in energy will
Increase stability, which is more ideal
28
What is the VESPR theory?
Set of rules that allows us to look at 2D Lewis structure & determine the 3D model
29
Electrons will try to
Get as far as possible in a geometrical shape
30
Electrons want to be at the
Lowest energy level possible
31
The closer the electrons, the
Higher the PE
32
What is the angle between the bonds in a linear model?
180 degrees
33
What is the angle degree in a trigonal planer model?
120 degrees ( known as a lone pair)
34
What is the angle in a tetrahedral model?
109 degrees
35
What is it called when some atoms attract more electrons than others?
Electronegativity
36
Which element is the most electronegative?
Florine The closer the atom is to Florine, the more electronegative it is
37
What is it called with 2 identical atoms are bonded together?
The bond is non-polar
38
What is it called when atoms of different electronegativity are bonded together?
They are polar
39
The uneven sharing of electrons lead to the formation of
Partial charges Fraction of a charge
40
What is the dipole-dipole attraction?
Between opposite polar charges or polar molecules Dash line
41
What is the hydrogen bond?
Bonding of polar interaction STRONGER
42
When does hydrogen bonding occure
Only when a hydrogen atom is directly bonded to fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen
43
Which forces are the weakest?
London forces; all molecules that have an electron exhibit London forces Larger molecules show stronger London forces than smaller ones
44
Ion-dipole attractions occur between
An ion & polar molecule
45
Which force allows ionic substances to dissolve in water?
Ion-dipole
46
What dissolves more easily than non-polar compunds?
Polar compounds
47
What requires more energy than it produces?
Endothermic reaction
48
What property is inversely related to temperature?
Gas solubility
49
What is Henry's Law?
At a constant temperature, the amount of gas dissolved in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas at equilibrium above the gas liquid interface
50
Increasing the partial pressure of a gas above a liquid will
Increase the amount of gas that's dissolved in a liquid
51
Substances that have a greater INTERmolecular attraction have a greater
Surface tension
52
What created surface tension?
There is no balancing attraction from above the liquid
53
The Law of Laplace describes the relationship of
Wall tension, pressure & radius in cylinders & spheres
54
Tension is proportional to the
Radius of the vessel The larger the vessel, the greater the tension
55
What reduces surface tension?
Surfactants
56
The hydrophilic head is attracted to
Water
57
The hydrophobic tail is repelled by
Water
58
How do soaps work
Micelles
59
When does velocity increase
When intermolecular forces
60
With velocity, as temperature decreases, viscosity
Increases, causing a decrease in flow
61
Higher temperatures/ Kinetic energy means
Less soluble in the liquid
62
Higher temperature of a volatile anesthetic means
Less solubility in a liquid
63
What is the heat of vaporization
The amount of energy necessary to liberate 1 mole of liquid into the gas phase
64
65
The stronger the INTERmolecular force, the
Lower the vapor pressure & therefore the higher the boiling point
66
What is boiling point?
The temperature at which the vapor pressure is equal to the ambient pressure
67
Temperature is the measure of
Energy
68
The boiling point of a liquid is highly dependent upon
Pressure Greater pressure=more energy for molecules to enter gas phase
69
Less pressure above a gas means
A lower boiling pint
70
Compounds with higher intermolecular forces have
Higher melting temperature
71
What is the melting point?
The temperature at which a solid state passes into a liquid state
72
What is entropy of fusion?
The heat necessary to convert 1 mole of solid turning it into a liquid
73
What is heat of vaporization?
Heat required to convert 1 mole of liquid into a gas Is much larger than the heat of fusion

Chem Exam 3 (7 decks)

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