CHAPTER 7 Flashcards by Niezel Toledo

What are the common nutritional diseases of swine

Iron deficiency
mulberry heart disease
zinc deficiency or the paraketosis

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This deficiency can lead to various health problems including paleness weakness and potentially even death

Iron deficiency

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What is the causes of iron deficiency

Low iron stores at birth
Rapid growth
Indoor rearing

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How to treat iron deficient swine

Administer iron supplement 1 ml for 3 days after birth and followed by 1 ml for 7 to 10 days after birth

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It is common on young growing pigs usually affecting those between two to four months of age it is acute often fatal and typically related to vitamin e or selenium deficiency

Mulberry heart disease

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What is this etiology of mulberry heart disease

Deficient in vitamin e and selenium

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Deficient in vitamin e and selenium will lead to______

Capillary fragility
Muscle degeneration
Hemorrhage particularly in the heart

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The cause or origin of a disease

Etiology

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A group of signs and symptoms that occur together and characterize a condition

Syndrome

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It is any abnormal tissue change caused by injury disease or infection it can be visible due to swelling or discoloration and it is used to diagnose health problems

Lesion

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The rate or number of deaths in a population due to a specific disease

Mortality

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A very rapid and severe disease condition often leading to sudden death

Peracute

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The rate or number of individuals affected by a disease in a population

Morbidity

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A disease condition that develops slowly and less for a long time

Chronic

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Inanimate objects that can carry and spread infectious agents

Fomites

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A disease condition with the sudden onset and short duration

Acute

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Observable symptoms or indicators of disease in an animal

Clinical signs

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Transmission of a disease between individuals of the same generation

Horizontal transmission

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A postmortem examination of an animal to determine the cause of that or disease

Necropsy

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Transmission of a disease from parent to offspring

Vertical transmission

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This a nutritional disorder most commonly seen in young pigs especially winners and is best known for causing a skin condition called paraketosis

Zinc deficiency

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How to manage and prevent zinc deficiency

Zinc supplementation

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What is this etiology of zinc deficiency

Primary cause: inadequate dietary zinc
Secondary causes:
Excess calcium in the diet
high levels of phytates in grains
low bioavailability of zinc in poorly formulated rations
Balance of minerals

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Clinical signs of mulberry heart disease that is observed before death

Labored breathing
Weakness
Fever
Reluctance to move
Cyanosis (bluish skin)
Death within a few hours

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How to manage mulberry heart disease

Nutritional supplementation vitamin e plus selenium 2 Avoid rancid or old feed (destroys vitamin e) Store feed properly to prevent oxidation

What is the metabolic disorder of swine

Hypocalcemia or milk fever

Can be caused by a sudden increase in calcium demand during farrowing and lactation

Hypocalcemia

What will happen if the sauce body cannot absorb or mobilize enough calcium from the diet or bones

Blood calcium will drops

What is the clinical signs of hypocalcemia

Muscle tremors Stiffness Weakness Lie down and be unable to rise

What are the common congenital disorder of swine

Atresia ani Spray leg or spraddle leg Cryptorchidism

It is a congenital defect where one or both testicle failed to descend into the scrotum

Cryptorchidism

It is a congenital defect where piglets are born without an anal opening

Atresia ani

Congenital condition in newborn piglets were hind legs cannot support the body

Splay leg or spraddle leg

What are the types of cryptorchidism

Unilateral -only one testicle is undescended Bilateral -both testicles are undescended Inguinal -testicle is stopped in the inguinal canal Abdominal-testicle remains in the abdomen

What are the infectious diseases of swine

Bacterial Viral Fungal

Common bacterial diseases of swine

Atrophic rhinitis enzootic pneumonia Glasser's disease Swine pleuropneumonia Coli bacillusis Erysipelas Greasy pig disease

What is this etiology of coli bacillus

Enterotoxigenic escherichia coli or ETEC

What is the etiology of swine pleuropneumonia

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae APP

What is the etiology of atrophic rhinitis

Bordetella bronchiseptica Pasteurella multicida

What is the etiology of glassers disease

Glaesserella parasuis Formerly haemophilus parasuis

It's clinical sign is respiratory distress is severe and has fever up to 41.5 degrees celsius and anorexia

Enzootic pneumonia

Its main route is horizontal transmission and also it is part of the normal flora in the upper respiratory tract of healthy pigs but can become pathogenic under stress or co-infection

Glassers disease

Horizontal transmission is the main route of glassers disease through...

Nasal secretion Direct contact Aerosol spread Stress factors

What is the rate of the morbidity of a trophic rhinitis

30 to 80%

What is the mortality rate of atrophic rhinitis

Less than 5%

It is chronic clinically mild infectious pneumonia of pigs what pneumonia is this

Mycoplasmal pneumonia or exotic pneumonia

What is the morbidity rate of exotic pneumonia

50% morbidity

This disease usually affects weaned pigs 4 to 8 weeks old and sudden onset with signs including high fever swollen joints and blameness labored breathing neurological signs sudden death

Glassers disease

It mainly affects new natal 1 to 4 days old and weaned piglets

Colibacillosis

It's transmission is through ingesting contaminated feces feed and water

Colibacillosis

What are the management of glassers disease

Reduce stress Improve hygiene Vaccinate Control co-infections Good herd management

What disease is a gram positive rod and zoonotic

Erysipelas

Can be transmitted to humans for primarily through contact with infected animals order product disinfection in humans is known as_____

Erysipeloid

It enters through skin abrasions often caused by fighting rough flooring or poor hygiene

Greasy pig disease or exodative epidermitis

It affects mostly piglets 1 to 8 weeks old

Greasy pigs disease

Management of greasy pig disease

Disinfect equipment Minimize skin injuries Improve pen hygiene and reduce humidity

Viral diseases of swine elaborate

Procine reproductive and respiratory syndrome PRRS PORCINE MULTI SYSTEMIC WASTING SYNDROME OR PMWS SWINE POX TRANSMISSIBLE GASTROENTERITIS HOG CHOLERA OR CLASSICAL SWINE FEVER AFRICAN SWINE FEVER

What are the two major genotypes of PRRS

Type 1 european Type 2 north american

What are the transmission of prrs

Direct contact Airborne transmission Contaminated semen Fomites Vertical transmission what

What is the causes of PMWS porcine multi systemic wasting syndrome

Porcine circuvirus type 2

It is usually seen in pigs 5 to 15 weeks old with progressive weight loss or wasting enlarged lymph nodes labored breathing diarrhea pale skin and thriftiness increase mortality up to 30%

Porcine multi systemic wasting syndrome

What is the morbidity rate of pmws

10 to 40%

Mortality rate of pmws

5 to 30%

It's vector is hematopinus suis or hog louse which results to what disease

Swine pox

It is an enveloped single stranded rna virus from the coronaviridae family

Transmissible gastro enteritis

It's mortality rate can reach 100% in neonates

Transmissible gastroenteritis

A small enveloped single stranded rna virus in the genus pestivirus family flaviviridae and it is closely related to bovine viral diurea virus and border disease virus

Classical swine fever or hog cholera

A large envelope double stranded dna virus and only member of the asfarviridae family

African swine fever

It is the set of practices and measures that you put in place on your farm to minimize the risk to livestock and crops from any type of infectious or injurious agent

Biosecurity

What is the importance of biosecurity

Sustainable food production Public health Biodiversity protection

It is the potential that a chosen action will lead to an undesirable outcome

Risk

A disease or a biological chemical physical or radiological agent or factor that can cause harm

Hazard or threat

It is to prevent escape and spread of pathogens already present an animal premises in order to prevent spread to another population of animals It eliminate the sources of this infectious agent

Bio containment

The application of barriers to limit risk of pathogens from infected animals and from contaminated materials from entering an infected site or group of animals

Segregation

Actions and control measures that are put into place to reduce or eliminate the risk associated with biological agents and toxins

Risk mitigation

What are the five major categories of measures for controlling biological risk and the laboratory

Elimination or substitution Engineering controls Administrative controls Practices and procedures Personal protective equipment

The actions taken to prevent the crust contamination of an infected animals by organizing the flow of animals people and materials within a form or a production system

Flow management

What administrative order is implementing guidelines for the bantay asf sa barangay program

Administrative order number 7 series of 2021