Chapter 7

Question 0

efferent: autonomic

Answer 0

acting below level of consciousness

Question 1

efferent division

Answer 1

communication link between CNS and muscles and/or glands

Question 2

ANS

Answer 2

fibers that innervate smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

Question 3

ANS helps control the __________, blood pressure, digestion, respiration, blood pH, and other ______ functions

Answer 3

heart rate

bodily

Question 4

ANS controls are done ___________

Answer 4

unconsciously/automatically

Question 5

In the ANS, there are _______ between the CNS and the organ

Answer 5

2 neurons

Question 6

ganglia

Answer 6

collection of cells in the PNS (from post)

Question 7

the postganglionic fiber innervates ______

Answer 7

effector organ

Question 8

the nerve cell bodies for the second nerve are organized into _______

Answer 8

ganglia (clusters of neuron cell bodies)

Question 9

CNS -> preganglionic nerve -> ______ -> postganglionic nerve -> _____

Answer 9

ganglion

organ

Question 10

at each junction ____________ are released and carry the signal to the next nerve or organ

Answer 10

neurotransmitters

Question 11

2 subdivisions of the ANS

Answer 11

sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 12

sympathetic ANS

Answer 12

fight or flight

Question 13

parasympathetic ANS

Answer 13

rest and digest

Question 14

the sympathetic nerves come from the __________ of the spinal cord

Answer 14

thoracolumbar regions

Question 15

the preganglionc nerves are ____ and synapse in the ______________
(sympathetic ANS)

Answer 15

short

sympathetic chain ganglia

Question 16

sympathetic ANS has _____ pre and ________ post

Answer 16

short

long

Question 17

the _______ is part of the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 17

adrenal medulla (like a modified ganglion and postsynaptic nerve)

Question 18

Parasympathetic nerves come from the _________ of the CNS

Answer 18

craniosacral regions

Question 19

Parasympathetic - they have ______ pre nerves which synapse at ganglia _____________

Answer 19

long

near or on the organ innervated

Question 20

Parasympathetic NS - have ________ pre and _________ post

Answer 20

long

short

Question 21

preganglionic NTs: parasympathetic

Answer 21

ACh

Question 22

preganglionic NTs: sympathetic

Answer 22

ACH

Question 23

postganglionic NTs: parasympathetic

Answer 23

ACh

Question 24

postganglionic NTs: sympathetic

Answer 24

NE or E "adrenaline"

Question 25

ACh binds to _____________ receptors

Answer 25

cholinergic

Question 26

___________ receptors: stimulated by NE and E

Answer 26

adrenergic

Question 27

____________ receptors: stimulated by ACh

Answer 27

cholinergic

Question 28

adrenergic receptors are stimulated by __________

Answer 28

NE and E

Question 29

cholinergic receptors are stimulated by __________

Answer 29

ACh

Question 30

2 main types of Adrenergic receptors: alpha

Answer 30

binds with NE and E

Question 31

alpha 1 adrenergic receptors

Answer 31

excitatory - vessels | vasoconstriction (not on blood vessels in the brain)

Question 32

alpha 2 adrenergic receptors

Answer 32

inhibitory - GI tract (decrease activity in GI tract) | - smooth muscle relaxation (causes s.m. to stop peristalsis)

Question 33

2 main types of adrenergic receptors: alpha and ______

Answer 33

beta

Question 34

beta 1 adrenergic receptors

Answer 34

excitatory - heart (on SA nodes) - Increase HR and force of contraction - also in ventricles in heart (force of contraction)

Question 35

beta 2 adrenergic receptors

Answer 35

inhibitory response- relax smooth muscle -> dilate - lungs and SOME blood vessels (coronary and skeletal muscle BVS) - ex. tingly feeling in arms and legs when you almost hit a deer (vasodilate)

Question 36

2 main types of cholinergic receptors: stimulated by ________

Answer 36

ACh

Question 37

2 main types of cholinergic receptors: nicotinic

Answer 37

found in postganglionic cell bodies within the autonomic ganglia (both sympathetic and para) - binding = opening of chemically gated Na+ channels on post

Question 38

2 main types of cholinergic receptors: muscarinic

Answer 38

found on all organs with parasympathetic nerves - binding = parasympathetic response - located on all effectors (all throughout the body)

Question 39

____________ are found in postganglionic cell bodies within the autonomic ganglia

Answer 39

nicotinic

Question 40

dual innervation

Answer 40

- sympathetic and para axons innervate the same target cell - different NTs used - in general, produce opposite effects - allows precise control over organ's activity

Question 41

dual innervation allows _________ over organ's activity

Answer 41

precise control

Question 42

in general, dual innervation produces ________ effects

Answer 42

opposite

Question 43

the sympathetic NS is the _____________ branch of the ANS

Answer 43

fight or flight

Question 44

the parasympathetic NS is the ____________ branch of the ANS

Answer 44

rest and digest

Question 45

the sympathetic NS promotes responses that prepare the body for ___________ activity

Answer 45

strenuous physical activity

Question 46

the parasympathetic NS promotes _________________ activities such as digestion, SLUDD

Answer 46

body-maintenance

Question 47

SLUDD (parasympathetic)

Answer 47

``` salivation lacrimation urination digestion defecation ```

Question 48

adrenal medulla is the modified part of the ___________ NS

Answer 48

sympathetic

Question 49

adrenal medulla

Answer 49

stimulation by preganglionic fiber prompts secretion of hormones into blood

Question 50

adrenal medulla - % of hormones secreted into blood

Answer 50

20% - NE | 80% - E

Question 51

agonists

Answer 51

bind with receptor and mimics NT

Question 52

antagonist

Answer 52

bind with receptor and blocks NT

Question 53

example of agonist

Answer 53

albuterol - opens up airways

Question 54

example of antagonist

Answer 54

muscarinic receptors (para)