Chapter 7 Flashcards
(24 cards)
Demography
the study of human populations and population trends
Demographers
scientists who study human populations and population trends
Immigration
people coming into a country
Emigration
people leaving a country
Crude Birth Rate (CBR)
the number of births per 1,000 individuals per year
Crude Death Rate (CDR)
the number of deaths per 1,000 individuals per year
Doubling Time
the number of years it takes for a population to double
Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
an estimate of the average number of children that each woman in a population will bear throughout her childbearing years
Replacement-Level Fertility
the TFR required to offset the average number of deaths in a population so that the current population size remains stable
Developed Countries
countries with relatively high levels of industrialization and income
Developing Countries
countries with relatively low levels of industrialization and incomes of less than $3 per person per day are the norm
Life Expectancy
the average number of years that an infant born in a particular year in a particular country can be expected to live, given the current average life span and death rate in that country
Infant Mortality
the number of deaths of children under 1 year of age per 1,000 live births
Child Mortality
the number of deaths of children under age 5 per 1,000 live births
Age Structure Diagrams
visual representations of age structure within a country for males and females
Population Pyramid
age structure diagram
Population Momentum
the reason a population keeps on growing after birth control policies or voluntary birth reductions have begun to lower the crude birth rate of a country
Net Migration Rate
the difference between immigration and emigration in a given year per 1,000 people in a country
Theory of Demographic Transition
as a country moves from a subsistence economy to industrialization and increased affluence, it undergoes a predictable shift in population growth
Family Planning
the regulation of the number or spacing of offspring through the use of birth control
Affluence
money, goods, or property
Urban Area
one
Urban Area
one that contains more than 386 people per square kilometer
Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
the value of all products and services produced in a year in that country
